Innovations in water technology are needed to solve challenges of climate change, resource shortages, emerging contaminants, urbanization, sustainable development and demographic changes. In particular, conventional techniques of wastewater treatment are limited by the presence of poorly biodegradable organic matter. Alternatively, recent Fenton, Fenton-like and hybrid processes appear successful for cleaning of different types of liquid wastewaters. Here, we review the application of metallic catalyst-H₂O₂ systems in the heterogeneous Fenton process. Each metallic catalyst-H₂O₂ system has unique redox properties due to metal oxidation state. Solution pH is a major influencing factor. Catalysts made of iron and cerium form stable complexes with oxidation products and H₂O₂, thus resulting in reduced activities. Copper forms transitory complexes with oxidation products, but copper catalytic activity is restored during the reaction. Silver and manganese do not form complexes. The catalyst performance for degradation and mineralization decreases in the order: manganese, copper, iron, silver, cerium, yet the easiness of practical application decreases in the order: copper, manganese, iron, silver, cerium.

为了应对气候变化，资源短缺，污染物不断涌现，城市化，可持续发展和人口变化等挑战，需要水技术方面的创新。特别地，废水处理的常规技术受到生物可降解性差的有机物的限制。另外，最近的Fenton，类Fenton和混合工艺似乎可以成功清洗各种类型的液体废水。在这里，我们回顾了金属催化剂H ₂ O ₂体系在非均相Fenton工艺中的应用。每种金属催化剂-H ₂ O ₂由于金属的氧化态，该系统具有独特的氧化还原特性。溶液的pH是主要的影响因素。由铁和铈制成的催化剂与氧化产物和H ₂ O ₂形成稳定的络合物，从而导致活性降低。铜与氧化产物形成过渡络合物，但是铜在反应过程中恢复了催化活性。银和锰不会形成络合物。降解和矿化的催化剂性能依次降低：锰，铜，铁，银，铈，但实际应用的难易程度依次降低：铜，锰，铁，银，铈。