Abstract This report proposes a number of tasks which help learners become more aware of how their feelings are moulded in their L1 and notice crosslinguistic similarities and differences between their L1 and a target language. The proposed tasks are motivated by findings in the crosslinguistic influence literature and a study that investigated Japanese learners’ perception of crosslinguistic similarities and differences between English and Japanese passives. Japanese has two types of passives, while English has only one. Although the two types of Japanese passives share some properties, they have distinctive functions; one type is mainly used to express adversative feelings of the speaker towards the event a sentence describes, while the other is much the same as the English passive. The study results indicate that half of the subjects perceive crosslinguistic similarities yet avoid using the construction and the other half incorrectly assume similarities which do not exist in reality. The proposed tasks attempt to develop learners’ metalinguistic ability through analysing Japanese and English passives and to facilitate learners’ awareness of crosslinguistic similarities and differences in the passive constructions.

中文翻译：

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增强意识的任务：培养学习者对多元论的反思态度

摘要这份报告提出了许多任务，可以帮助学习者更多地了解他们在L1语言中的感受是如何塑造的，并注意到他们在L1语言和目标语言之间的跨语言相似性和差异性。拟议的任务是由跨语言影响文学的发现和一项研究日本学习者对英语和日语被动语之间的跨语言相似性和差异的理解所激发的。日语有两种类型的被动语态，而英语只有一种。尽管这两种类型的日本被动物具有某些特性，但它们具有独特的功能。一种类型主要用于表达说话者对句子描述的事件的敌对感觉，而另一种类型则与英语被动语相同。研究结果表明，一半的受试者感知到语言上的相似性，但避免使用这种结构，另一半错误地假定了现实中不存在的相似性。拟议的任务试图通过分析日语和英语的被动语态来发展学习者的元语言能力，并促进学习者对被动语态中的跨语言相似性和差异性的认识。