This study aims to explain how the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) used its power over rail rates as part of an effort to promote the growth of economically underdeveloped regions of the USA. This was accomplished by subsidizing shipments of food and fuel staples to major domestic and world markets and by offsetting the burden of high protective tariffs through low transportation rates on imported goods, from its inception in 1887 until the disruption of ocean transport with the outbreak of First World War in 1914.,Through examination of contemporary ICC studies and cases, this study shows how the ICC condoned rate practices that promoted the socioeconomic welfare of sparsely populated regions primarily in the Southern and Western USA.,The study illustrates that the ICC facilitated exports by authorizing rates that subsidized the transport of overseas food and fuel staples from the interior while at the same time allowing preferential rail–sea contracts on imports that partially offset the burden of protective tariffs on these regions. The focus on regional social welfare within the ICC largely ended by 1914, with the end of protective tariffs and the start of First World War.,This new interpretation explains how international trade patterns in the USA were influenced in significant ways by the ICC to achieve regional social welfare objectives and to promote greater national economic integration.

中文翻译：

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1887-1914 年美国的关税、铁路费率和社会福利

本研究旨在解释州际商务委员会 (ICC) 如何利用其对铁路费率的权力，作为促进美国经济欠发达地区增长的努力的一部分。这是通过补贴运送到主要国内和世界市场的粮食和燃料主食，并通过进口货物的低运输费率抵消高保护性关税的负担来实现的，从 1887 年开始，直到海上运输因第一次疫情爆发而中断。 1914 年世界大战。,通过对当代 ICC 研究和案例的审查，本研究表明 ICC 如何纵容促进主要在美国南部和西部人口稀少地区的社会经济福利的费率做法。，该研究表明，国际商会通过授权补贴从内陆运往海外的食品和燃料主食的税率，同时允许优惠的铁路-海运进口合同，部分抵消了这些地区的保护性关税负担，从而促进了出口。1914 年，随着保护性关税的结束和第一次世界大战的开始，ICC 对区域社会福利的关注基本结束。这一新解释解释了美国的国际贸易模式如何受到 ICC 的重大影响，以实现区域社会福利目标和促进更大程度的国家经济一体化。