Transit-oriented development (TOD) is often considered a solution for automobile dependency in the pursuit of sustainability. Although TOD has shown various benefits as sustainable development and smart growth, there are potential downsides, such as transit-induced gentrification (TIG). Even if there were no displacement issues with TIG, existing residents could be disadvantaged by a TOD due to affordability problems. This study focuses on these potential affordability issues and aims to evaluate the effects of TOD using residents’ discretionary income (DI) as an indicator of affordability. The light rail transit-oriented development (LRTOD) in Phoenix, AZ, is selected because of the timing of the introduction of development and the simplicity of the light rail transit line. In order to counteract problems induced by a non-random location of TODS, propensity score matching is used. The results indicate that LRTOD can give benefit to all TOD residents. Moreover, the effects of LRTOD on discretionary income of various types of households are not statistically significantly different. We have identified the different magnitudes of the effects of TOD between propensity score matching (PSM)-controlled and uncontrolled models. These indicate the existence of the selection bias of TOD implementation, justifying the adoption of the PSM method.

中文翻译：

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公交发展对社会正义的影响

在追求可持续性的过程中，面向公交的开发（TOD）通常被认为是解决汽车依赖问题的方法。尽管TOD已显示出诸如可持续发展和明智增长之类的各种好处，但仍有潜在的不利因素，例如过境诱导的高档化（TIG）。即使TIG没有安置问题，由于负担能力问题，现有居民也可能因TOD处于不利地位。这项研究着眼于这些潜在的负担能力问题，旨在利用居民的可支配收入（DI）作为负担能力的指标来评估TOD的影响。之所以选择位于亚利桑那州凤凰城的面向轻轨交通的开发项目（LRTOD），是因为该开发项目的推出时间和轻轨交通线的简便性。为了解决由TODS非随机位置引起的问题，使用倾向得分匹配。结果表明，LRTOD可以使所有TOD居民受益。而且，LRTOD对各种类型家庭的可支配收入的影响在统计上没有显着差异。我们已经确定了倾向得分匹配（PSM）控制和非控制模型之间TOD的影响程度不同。这些表明存在TOD实现的选择偏差，证明采用PSM方法是合理的。我们已经确定了倾向得分匹配（PSM）控制和非控制模型之间TOD的影响程度不同。这些表明存在TOD选择偏向，证明采用PSM方法是合理的。我们已经确定了倾向得分匹配（PSM）控制和非控制模型之间TOD的影响程度不同。这些表明存在TOD实现的选择偏差，证明采用PSM方法是合理的。