Abstract The paper poses the question of how the use of external artifacts contributes to the stabilization of meaning and thought. On the basis of the private language argument and the problem of objective meaning, I argue that Wittgenstein’s considerations regarding meaning-making should be sensitive to how materiality bears on the interactions with semiotic artifacts produced in speech and writing. The distributed language perspective and the concept of languaging (Cowley 2011, 2007; Steffensen 2011) is then linked to a metacognitive theory of writing (Goody 1977; Olson 1994, 2016) to clarify how social and material settings contribute to the lived experience and metalinguistic awareness that is essential to meaning-making. It is argued that, if material characteristics of symbolizations change metalinguistic awareness, the interpretation of the private language argument partly depends on the types of external artifacts the private linguist is allowed to exploit. The frameworks of distributed language and the theory of writing thus shed new light on the private language argument by making it even more radical than has previously been assumed.

中文翻译：

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扩展私人语言争论

摘要本文提出了一个问题，即如何使用外部人工制品来促进意义和思想的稳定。基于私人语言的论证和客观意义的问题，我认为维特根斯坦关于意义创造的思考应该敏感于物质性如何影响言语和文字中与符号产物的相互作用。然后将分布式语言视角和语言概念（Cowley 2011，2007; Steffensen 2011）与写作的元认知理论（Goody 1977； Olson 1994，2016）联系起来，以阐明社会和物质环境如何促进生活体验和元语言学意识对于意义的形成至关重要。有人认为，如果符号的物质特征改变了元语言意识，私人语言论证的解释部分取决于私人语言学家被允许利用的外部工件的类型。因此，分布式语言的框架和写作理论使私人语言论据变得比以往更加激进，从而为私人语言论证提供了新的思路。