The current study explores variation in phonemic representation among Spanish–English dual language learners (DLLs, n = 60) who were dominant in English or in Spanish. Children were given a phonetic discrimination task with speech sounds that: 1) occur in English and Spanish, 2) are exclusive to English, and 3) are exclusive to Russian, during Fall (age m = 57 months) and Spring (age m = 62 months, n = 42). In Fall, English-dominant DLLs discriminated more accurately than Spanish-dominant DLLs between English-Spanish phones and English-exclusive phones. Both groups discriminated Russian phones at or close to chance. In Spring, however, groups no longer differed in discriminating English-exclusive phones and both groups discriminated Russian phones above chance. Additionally, joint English-Spanish and English-exclusive phonetic discrimination predicted children's phonological awareness in both groups. Results demonstrate plasticity in early childhood through diverse language exposure and suggest that phonemic representation begins to emerge driven by lexical restructuring.

中文翻译：

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西班牙语-英语双语学龄前儿童的语音辨别、语音意识和识字前技能

目前的研究探讨了以英语或西班牙语为主的西班牙语-英语双语学习者 (DLLs, n = 60) 中音素表示的变化。在秋季（年龄米= 57 个月）和春季（年龄米= 62 个月，n = 42)。在秋季，以英语为主的 DLL 比以西班牙语为主的 DLL 更准确地区分英语-西班牙语电话和英语专用电话。两组都在或接近机会歧视俄罗斯手机。然而，在春季，各组在区分英语专用音素方面不再存在差异，而且两组都无条件地区分俄语音素。此外，联合英语-西班牙语和英语专用语音歧视预测了两组儿童的语音意识。结果通过不同的语言暴露证明了儿童早期的可塑性，并表明音位表示开始出现在词汇重组的驱动下。