Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to serious motor and sensory dysfunction of the limbs below the injured segment. SCI not only results in physical and psychological harm to patients but can also cause a huge economic burden on their families and society. As there is no effective treatment method, the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients with SCI have become urgent problems to be solved. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted more attention in the treatment of SCI. Although MSC therapy can reduce injured volume and promote axonal regeneration, its application is limited by tumorigenicity, a low survival rate, and immune rejection. Accumulating literature shows that exosomes have great potential in the treatment of SCI. In this review, we summarize the existing MSC-derived exosome studies on SCI and discuss the advantages and challenges of treating SCI based on exosomes derived from MSCs.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体：脊髓损伤的治疗机遇和挑战

脊髓损伤（SCI）通常会导致受伤节段以下肢体的严重运动和感觉功能障碍。SCI不仅给患者造成身心伤害，还给患者的家庭和社会造成巨大的经济负担。由于尚无有效的治疗方法，SCI患者的预防、治疗和康复已成为亟待解决的问题。近年来，间充质干细胞（MSCs）在SCI治疗中受到越来越多的关注。尽管间充质干细胞疗法可以减少损伤体积并促进轴突再生，但其应用受到致瘤性、低存活率和免疫排斥的限制。越来越多的文献表明，外泌体在治疗 SCI 方面具有巨大潜力。在这篇综述中，我们总结了现有的 MSC 衍生的外泌体对 SCI 的研究，并讨论了基于 MSC 衍生的外泌体治疗 SCI 的优势和挑战。