Physicochemical properties of copper electrolytes are a strong fundamental consideration in electrodeposition processes during electro-purification and recovery of copper. Their influence extends to mass transfer as well as energy consumption during the electrodeposition process. In this study, the influence of electrolyte composition on electrolyte physicochemical properties was investigated to review the existing literature data. This review of data is considered necessary as more and more electrowinning models are being developed for process prediction and optimisation and a need of such data is required for accurate prediction of physicochemical properties. The major components of importance to the formation of smooth high-quality and high-purity copper cathodes at optimum current efficiency are considered the species in solution. These include Cu ions, Fe ions (major impurity), H₂SO₄, and a smoothing agent additive. A 5-factor, 2- and 3-level experimental design was employed to determine the effect of copper (35 and 45 g/l), sulphuric acid (160 and 180 g/l), iron (1, 3, and 6 g/l), polyacrylamide additive (2, 5, and 10 mg/l), and temperature (45 and 55 °C) on electrolyte density, conductivity, and the diffusion coefficient in synthetic copper electrowinning electrolytes. The major species in a copper electrowinning electrolyte are found to be the most relevant for prediction of physicochemical properties. These results indicate that relatively simple empirical models are sufficient for modelling of the electrolyte domain in electrowinning, without the need for the generation of vast amounts of complex experimental data.

铜电解质的物理化学性质是电沉积和铜回收过程中电沉积过程中的重要基础考虑因素。它们的影响扩展到电沉积过程中的传质以及能量消耗。在这项研究中，研究了电解质组成对电解质理化性质的影响，以复习现有文献数据。数据的审查被认为是必要的，因为越来越多的电积模型正在开发用于过程预测和优化，并且需要这些数据来精确预测理化性质。对于以最佳电流效率形成光滑的高质量和高纯度铜阴极而言，重要的主要成分被认为是溶液中的物质。₂ SO ₄和平滑剂添加剂。采用5因子2级和3级实验设计来确定铜（35和45 g / l），硫酸（160和180 g / l），铁（1、3和6 g）的影响/ l），聚丙烯酰胺添加剂（2、5和10 mg / l）以及温度（45和55°C）对合成铜电积电解质中电解质密度，电导率和扩散系数的影响。发现铜电解沉积电解质中的主要物质与物理化学性质的预测最相关。这些结果表明，相对简单的经验模型足以对电解沉积中的电解质域进行建模，而无需生成大量复杂的实验数据。