The interaction of linearly polarized light with self-assembled photonic crystals (opals) grown from polymeric colloids is studied. The experimental work is carried out on opals with and without dye molecules. These active and passive opals influence the polarization state of transmitted light very differently and the role of photonic stop band is evident. The active opals, when excited within the absorption band of the dye, emit light at a longer wavelength and the polarization state of emitted light is also studied in them. For comparison of these inhomogeneous crystalline samples with fully or partially homogeneous medium, the polarization state of light is also investigated in an aqueous solution with dissolved powder dye, and an aqueous suspension of dye-doped colloids. When the incident light is linearly polarized, the transmitted light from the passive opal is fully linearly polarized and that from the active opal is slightly elliptically polarized. In the same experiment, the fully homogeneous solution gives linear polarization while the partially homogeneous solution gives elliptical polarization in transmission. On the other hand, the emitted light from the active opal as well as from the two solution samples is found to be mostly unpolarized. The polarization anisotropy value, which characterizes the extent of polarization in an arbitrary light, has been calculated for all the samples from the spatially and spectrally resolved experimental data. This value is close to unity in transmitted light, implying linear polarization, for the fully inhomogeneous passive opal and fully homogeneous solution sample, while it is less than unity in the fully inhomogeneous active opal and partially homogeneous colloidal solution. The polarization anisotropy of emitted light, in all samples containing the dye, is close to zero signifying predominantly unpolarized nature. But the extent and type of inhomogeneity is found to influence the sign of the polarization anisotropy parameter extracted from the angle-resolved polarization measurements.

研究了线偏振光与由聚合物胶体生长的自组装光子晶体（蛋白石）的相互作用。实验工作在有或没有染料分子的蛋白石上进行。这些有源和无源蛋白石对透射光的偏振态的影响非常不同，光子阻带的作用显而易见。活性蛋白石在染料的吸收带内激发时，会发出更长波长的光，并且还在其中研究了发射光的偏振态。为了将这些不均匀的晶体样品与完全或部分均匀的介质进行比较，还研究了在具有溶解的粉状染料的水溶液和掺有染料的胶体的水悬浮液中的光的偏振态。当入射光呈线偏振时，来自无源蛋白石的透射光是完全线性偏振的，而来自有源蛋白石的透射光是椭圆偏振的。在同一实验中，完全均匀的溶液给出线性偏振，而部分均匀的溶液给出椭圆偏振。另一方面，发现从活性蛋白石以及两个溶液样品发出的光大部分是非偏振的。已经从空间和光谱解析实验数据中为所有样品计算了表征在任意光线中偏振程度的偏振各向异性值。对于完全不均匀的无源蛋白石和完全均匀的溶液样品，该值在透射光中接近于单位，表示线性偏振，而在完全不均匀的活性蛋白石和部分均质的胶体溶液中小于1。在所有包含染料的样品中，发射光的偏振各向异性都接近于零，表示主要是非偏振性质。但是发现不均匀的程度和类型会影响从角度分辨偏振测量中提取的偏振各向异性参数的符号。