Abstract

The breeding of winter wheat was carried out using conventional technology in the Rostov Federal Agrarian Research Center in 2014–2019. It took place in the chernozem (black earth) steppe under the conditions of a severely continental climate with insufficient and unstable humidity. It is demonstrated that yield stability in a wide range of environments becomes possible due to creating the environmental plasticity margin against the basic stress factors when trait values approach a limit in the region (76–88% of plants must survive with a temperature of –18°С at the tillering node, 75–82% after ice crust, 76–78% after May frosts, etc.). The selection markers under droughts, including grain weight per plant, harvest index, aboveground mass, and function of leaves in photosynthesis, have been identified. They enable one to clearly focus on populations and to reveal the required recombinants. Methods have been established to create selectable genetic variation in all breeding directions, which allows the approved program to be implemented. The breeding technology for the purpose of achieving trait transgressions has been proven. Based on the obtained results, the next-generation varieties, such as Bylina Dona, Akapella, Pafos, and Pal’mira 18, have been developed. The degree of their environmental plasticity has been determined.

中文翻译：

---

作为冬小麦育种的主要参数，在大环境下的产量稳定性

摘要

2014-2019年，罗斯托夫联邦农业研究中心使用常规技术进行了冬小麦的育种。它发生在黑土草原（黑土）中，处于严重的大陆性气候下，湿度不足且不稳定。结果表明，当性状值接近该区域的极限值时（76–88％的植物必须在–18的温度下生存），由于针对基本胁迫因素创造了环境可塑性裕度，因此可以在广泛的环境中保持稳定的产量。分С节处的°С，结冰后为75–82％，五月结霜后为76–78％，等等。已经确定了干旱条件下的选择标记，包括每株植物的粒重，收获指数，地上质量以及叶片在光合作用中的功能。它们使人们可以清楚地关注种群并揭示所需的重组体。已经建立了在所有育种方向上创建可选遗传变异的方法，从而可以实施批准的计划。已经证明了用于实现性状超越的育种技术。根据获得的结果，已开发出下一代品种，例如Bylina Dona，Akapella，Pafos和Pal'mira 18。他们的环境可塑性程度已经确定。已经开发出下一代品种，例如Bylina Dona，Akapella，Pafos和Pal'mira 18。他们的环境可塑性程度已经确定。已经开发出下一代品种，例如Bylina Dona，Akapella，Pafos和Pal'mira 18。他们的环境可塑性程度已经确定。