The treatment of sugarcane vinasse is still a challenge to develop a sustainable bioethanol production. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the most promising treatment of vinasse since energy in the form of biogas can be recovered. The aim of this work was to understand the dynamics of the microbial community in a 100-m³ upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) methanogenic reactor at start-up and during two periods of bioethanol production. An inter-harvest period in which the reactor was not fed was also studied. Metabarcoding analysis of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene showed that Firmicutes, Synergistetes, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla. Firmicutes was abundant, suggesting that this group plays a specific role in the treatment of vinasse. The inoculum adaptation to vinasse was correlated with the microbiota diversity and dynamics. The microbiota diversity was higher during the first harvest and reflected the initial microbial composition. During the second harvest, the increasing organic loading rate (OLR) and the adaptation to the new effluent selected a less diverse community which produced the biogas in the reactor. The qPCR of the mcrA gene and methanogenic activity tests showed that the abundance of methanogens increased over time and remained stable even after the stop period. This work shows the plasticity of the microbial community, which adapted its structure to the changes in the feed and persisted during starvation periods in the reactor. A time-series of microbiological information is necessary to a comprehensive understanding of full-scale reactor maintenance.

甘蔗酒的处理仍然是发展可持续生物乙醇生产的挑战。由于可以回收沼气形式的能量，所以厌氧消化（AD）是最有前途的酒糟处理方法。这项工作的目的是在启动和两个生物乙醇生产期间，了解100 m ³上流厌氧污泥层（UASB）产甲烷反应器中微生物群落的动态。还研究了不进料反应器的收获期。对16S rRNA基因V4区域的元条形码分析表明，Firmicutes，Synergistetes，Chloroflexi和Proteobacteria是主要的门。Firmicutes丰富，这表明该组在酒汁处理中起特定作用。接种物对酒糟的适应性与微生物群的多样性和动力学相关。第一次收获期间微生物群落的多样性较高，反映了最初的微生物组成。在第二次收获期间，增加的有机负荷率（OLR）和对新废水的适应性选择了多样性较低的群落，该群落在反应器中产生沼气。mcrA的qPCR基因和产甲烷活性测试表明，产甲烷菌的丰度随着时间的推移而增加，甚至在停止期后仍保持稳定。这项工作显示了微生物群落的可塑性，使微生物的结构适应了进料的变化，并在反应器的饥饿期持续存在。要全面了解反应器的全面维护，有必要按时间顺序提供微生物信息。