With the continuing increase in the use of technology in the modern world, the environmental demands placed on mechanical products have become increasingly harsh, especially in the fields of industrial equipment, vehicles, robotics, medical equipment, and weapons. For the development of mechanical engineering, it is essential to ensure reliable performance, high efficiency, and long durability in extreme environments (extremes of temperature, pressure, corrosion, vibration, etc.). The mechanical properties of the materials used to manufacture the components directly influence the component’s characteristics in extreme environments. Mechanical design and manufacturing processes are also key factors that affect the reliability of mechanisms. With the development of composite materials, computer technology, and the 4th industrial revolution, extreme environment technology has also progressed rapidly. Engineering for extreme environments is considered as a very important field in the green and environmental-friendly technology. This is because the shortened working life of machinery under such extremely harsh environments leads to higher energy consumption and more non-recyclable wastes. This paper reviews the developments related to novel extreme environment technologies in terms of materials, design, and manufacturing that have come about in recent years. Moreover, an analysis of related articles, patents, and the economy of this field is carried out and a perspective on the developmental trend is put forward.

随着现代技术的不断使用，对机械产品的环境要求变得越来越苛刻，尤其是在工业设备，车辆，机器人，医疗设备和武器领域。对于机械工程的发展，至关重要的是要确保在极端环境（极端温度，压力，腐蚀，振动等）下的可靠性能，高效率和长寿命。）。在极端环境下，用于制造组件的材料的机械性能直接影响组件的特性。机械设计和制造过程也是影响机构可靠性的关键因素。随着复合材料，计算机技术的发展以及第四次工业革命的发展，极端环境技术也得到了飞速发展。在绿色环保技术中，极端环境工程被认为是非常重要的领域。这是因为在这种极端恶劣的环境下机械寿命的缩短导致更高的能耗和更多的不可回收废物。本文从材料，设计，和近年来出现的制造业。此外，对该领域的相关文章，专利和经济进行了分析，并提出了发展趋势的观点。