This randomised clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effect of a pro-breast-feeding (BF) and healthy complementary feeding intervention performed during infants’ first months of life on ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption at 4–7 years. We enrolled 323 teenage mothers and their infants from South Brazil, 163 allocated to the intervention group and 160 to the control group. Intervention consisted of sessions on BF and healthy complementary feeding promotion and was carried out in the maternity ward and at home after delivery. Food consumption was assessed using three 24-h food recalls at child’s age of 4–7 years. Foods were classified according to NOVA classification. Dietary contribution of UPF was adjusted for intra-individual variability by the SPADE method and categorised into tertiles. We used Poisson regression models with robust variance, adjusted for confounders, to estimate the effect of the intervention and duration of BF on the risk of high consumption of UPF. Our final analysis included 194 children, with mean age of 6·1 (sd 0·5) years. Mean dietary contribution of UPF was 38 % in the intervention group and 42·7 % in the control group, from total daily intakes. Results adjusted for BF duration, propensity score, income and total energy content demonstrated that the intervention reduced the risk of high consumption of UPF by 35 % (relative risk 0·65, 95 % CI 0·43, 0·98). BF duration was not associated with UPF consumption. The intervention was effective in reducing the risk of high UPF consumption at the age of 4–7 years.

中文翻译：

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生命最初几个月的健康饮食干预对 4-7 岁超加工食品消费的影响：一项针对青春期母亲及其婴儿的随机临床试验

这项随机临床试验旨在评估在婴儿出生后头几个月进行的母乳喂养 (BF) 和健康补充喂养干预对 4-7 岁超加工食品 (UPF) 消费的影响。我们招募了来自巴西南部的 323 名少女母亲及其婴儿，其中 163 名分配到干预组，160 名分配到对照组。干预包括关于 BF 和健康补充喂养推广的课程，并在产后和在家中进行。在 4-7 岁儿童时，使用 3 次 24 小时食物召回评估食物消耗。食物是按照分类的新星分类。通过 SPADE 方法调整 UPF 的饮食贡献以适应个体内的变异性，并分为三分位数。我们使用具有稳健方差的泊松回归模型，并针对混杂因素进行了调整，以估计干预措施和 BF 持续时间对 UPF 高消耗风险的影响。我们的最终分析包括 194 名儿童，平均年龄为 6·1（sd0·5) 年。在每日总摄入量中，UPF 的平均膳食贡献在干预组为 38%，在对照组为 42·7%。调整 BF 持续时间、倾向评分、收入和总能量含量的结果表明，干预将 UPF 高消耗的风险降低了 35%（相对风险 0·65，95 % CI 0·43，0·98）。BF 持续时间与 UPF 消耗无关。该干预措施有效降低了 4-7 岁高 UPF 消费的风险。