Immune cell activation triggers transcriptional and translational programs eliciting cellular processes, such as differentiation or proliferation, essential for an efficient immune response. These dynamic processes require an intricate orchestration of regulatory mechanisms to control the precise spatiotemporal expression of proteins. Post-transcriptional regulation ensures the control of messenger RNA metabolism and appropriate translation. Among these post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, stress granules participate in the control of protein synthesis. Stress granules are ribonucleoprotein complexes that form upon stress, typically under control of the integrated stress response. Such structures assemble upon stimulation of immune cells where they control selective translational programs ensuring the establishment of accurate effector functions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about post-transcriptional regulation in immune cells and highlight the role of stress sensors and stress granules in such regulation.

免疫细胞激活触发转录和翻译程序，引发有效的免疫反应必不可少的细胞过程，例如分化或增殖。这些动态过程需要复杂的调节机制来控制蛋白质的精确时空表达。转录后调节确保了信使RNA代谢的控制和适当的翻译。在这些转录后调控机制中，应激颗粒参与蛋白质合成的控制。应激颗粒是核糖核蛋白复合物，通常在综合应激反应的控制下，在应激时形成。这样的结构在刺激免疫细胞时组装，它们控制选择性翻译程序，从而确保建立准确的效应子功能。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关免疫细胞中转录后调控的最新知识，并强调了压力传感器和应激颗粒在此类调控中的作用。