From the late 1950s, Africans seeking higher education went to a rapidly increasing number of destinations, both within Africa and overseas. Based on multi-sited archival research and memoirs, this article shows how Africans forged and used new routes to gain access to higher education denied to them in their territories of origin, and in this way also shaped scholarship policies across the globe. Focusing on British-ruled territories in East Africa, the article establishes the importance of African intermediaries and independent countries as hubs of mobility. The agency of students and intermediaries, as well as official responses, are examined in three interconnected cases: the clandestine ‘Nile route’ from East Africa to Egypt and eastern Europe; the ‘airlifts’ from East Africa to North America; and the ‘exodus’ of African students from the Eastern bloc to western Europe. Although all of these routes were short-lived, they transformed official scholarship provisions, and significantly shaped the postcolonial period in the countries of origin.

中文翻译：

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非殖民化、冷战和非洲人在海外接受高等教育的途径，1957-65

从 1950 年代后期开始，寻求高等教育的非洲人前往非洲境内和海外的目的地数量迅速增加。基于多地点的档案研究和回忆录，本文展示了非洲人如何伪造和使用新途径来获得在其原籍地拒绝接受的高等教育，并以此方式塑造了全球的奖学金政策。本文聚焦东非英国统治的领土，确立了非洲中介机构和独立国家作为流动枢纽的重要性。学生和中介机构以及官方回应在三个相互关联的案例中进行审查：从东非到埃及和东欧的秘密“尼罗河路线”；从东非到北美的“空运”；以及非洲学生从东欧集团“外流”到西欧。尽管所有这些路线都是短暂的，但它们改变了官方奖学金的规定，并显着塑造了原籍国的后殖民时期。