Skin wounds are an important clinical problem which affects millions of people worldwide. The search for new therapeutic approaches to improve wound healing is needed. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the oral treatment with the skin-related probiotics Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1 (LJ), L. paracasei ST11 (LP), and L. rhamnosus LPR (LR) in a model of excisional skin wounds in Swiss mice. The animals received daily oral gavage of PBS or 1 × 10⁷ colony-forming units of LJ, LP, or LR, singly, beginning just after the creation of wounds until euthanasia. Blood flow was evaluated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Myeloperoxidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activities were used to assess the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages, respectively. The wound tissue was also collected for histological analyses (H&E, Toluidine blue, and Picrosirius red staining). The macroscopic wound closure rate was faster only in mice treated with LR, but not with LJ and LP, when compared to mice treated with PBS. Histological evaluations showed that treatment with LR stimulated wound epithelization when compared to PBS. Further analyses showed that wounds from LR-treated mice presented a significant decrease in macrophage (p < 0.001) and mast cell (p < 0.001) infiltration, along with improved angiogenesis (p < 0.001) and blood flow (p < 0.01). Of note, collagen deposition and scarring were reduced in LR-treated mice when compared to PBS-treated mice. In conclusion, our results show that the oral treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus accelerates skin wound closure and reduces scar, besides to reducing inflammation and fibrogenesis and improving angiogenesis in the wounded skin.

皮肤伤口是影响全球数百万人的重要临床问题。需要寻找新的治疗方法来改善伤口愈合。本研究旨在评估皮肤相关益生菌约氏乳杆菌LA1 (LJ)、副干酪乳杆菌ST11 (LP) 和鼠李糖乳杆菌LPR (LR) 在瑞士切除皮肤伤口模型中的口服治疗效果。老鼠。动物每天口服强饲 PBS 或 1 × 10 ⁷LJ、LP 或 LR 的菌落形成单位，单独地，在伤口产生后开始直到安乐死。通过激光多普勒灌注成像评估血流。髓过氧化物酶和 N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性分别用于评估中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞的积累。还收集伤口组织用于组织学分析（H&E、甲苯胺蓝和天狼星红染色）。与用 PBS 处理的小鼠相比，宏观伤口闭合率仅在用 LR 处理的小鼠中更快，而在 LJ 和 LP 处理的小鼠中则不然。组织学评估表明，与 PBS 相比，LR 治疗刺激了伤口上皮形成。进一步的分析表明，LR 治疗小鼠的伤口巨噬细胞显着减少（p < 0.001) 和肥大细胞 ( p  < 0.001) 浸润，以及改善的血管生成 ( p  < 0.001) 和血流 ( p  < 0.01)。值得注意的是，与 PBS 治疗的小鼠相比，LR 治疗的小鼠的胶原沉积和疤痕减少。总之，我们的结果表明，鼠李糖乳杆菌的口服治疗除了可以减少炎症和纤维化并改善受伤皮肤的血管生成外，还可以加速皮肤伤口闭合并减少疤痕。