In this paper, the nonlinear ion acoustic rogue waves (IARWs) are investigated in an unmagnetized, collisionless plasma which consist of positive ions, superthermal electrons and positrons, respectively. A nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) of IAW packets has been obtained by using the reductive perturbation technique. Furthermore, the effects of superthermal electrons and positrons on the nonlinear dispersion relation, the group velocity and the modulational instability of nonlinear ion acoustic wave (IAW) packets have been studied in detail. At the same time, the characteristics of first- and second-order IARW also have been discussed. It seems that there is some significant influence of superthermal electrons and positrons on the nonlinear ion acoustic waves. Meanwhile, it is also found that the first- and second-order IARW consisting of Peregrine breathers can be excited by using the modulational instability in this system.

本文研究了在非磁化，无碰撞等离子体中的非线性离子声无赖波（IARW），该等离子体分别由正离子，过热电子和正电子组成。IAW数据包的非线性Schrödinger方程（NLSE）已通过使用还原摄动技术获得。此外，还研究了过热电子和正电子对非线性离子声波（IAW）包的非线性色散关系，群速度和调制不稳定性的影响。同时，还讨论了一阶和二阶IARW的特性。似乎过热电子和正电子对非线性离子声波有一些重大影响。与此同时，