Adolescence is a developmental period marked by changes in cognition, emotion, and social relations. For example, sensitivity to social feedback increases as peer relationships become more important yet less stable, leaving adolescents vulnerable to experiences of peer victimization and rejection. Given that prefrontal brain regions responsible for regulatory abilities continue to mature during adolescence, the brain is especially susceptible to environmental influences. As such, exposure to adverse peer experiences may undermine emotion regulation development. Thus, the present review sought to elucidate the association between adverse peer experiences and emotion regulation in adolescence (i.e. age 12–17 years). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of the literature assessing adverse peer experiences (victimization and rejection) and emotion regulation (including neurobiological, behavioral, cognitive levels of analysis) was conducted (N_{articles included} = 27). Results demonstrate that adverse peer experiences are negatively associated with emotion regulation processes, behaviorally and neurally. Although variability in definitions and measurement of constructs make nuanced comparisons between studies difficult, the present systematic review organizes this body of literature and discusses how promising theoretical perspectives, including the cognitive control of emotion model and social information processing theory, may help to explain this association. Finally, recommendations for future work to expand our understanding of these processes, and for intervention and prevention efforts (e.g., school-based violence prevention and socio-emotional learning programs, parenting practices) that may serve to ameliorate outcomes for youths facing adverse peer experiences and emotion dysregulation, are discussed.

青春期是一个以认知、情感和社会关系变化为标志的发展时期。例如，随着同伴关系变得越来越重要但不稳定，对社会反馈的敏感性增加，使青少年容易遭受同伴受害和拒绝的经历。鉴于负责调节能力的前额叶大脑区域在青春期继续成熟，大脑特别容易受到环境的影响。因此，暴露于不利的同伴经历可能会破坏情绪调节的发展。因此，本综述试图阐明不良同伴经历与青春期（即 12-17 岁）情绪调节之间的关联。遵循系统评价和元分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 指南，_收录N_篇 = 27）。结果表明，不良的同伴经历在行为和神经方面与情绪调节过程呈负相关。尽管构念的定义和测量的可变性使得研究之间的细微比较变得困难，但本系统综述组织了这一文献主体，并讨论了有希望的理论观点，包括情绪模型的认知控制和社会信息处理理论，可能有助于解释这种关联. 最后，对未来工作的建议，以扩大我们对这些过程的理解，以及干预和预防工作（例如，基于学校的暴力预防和社会情绪学习计划、育儿实践），这可能有助于改善面临不利同伴经历的青少年的结果和情绪失调，