Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period marked by changes in cognition, emotion, and social relations. For example, sensitivity to social feedback increases as peer relationships become more important yet less stable, leaving adolescents vulnerable to experiences of peer victimization and rejection. Given that prefrontal brain regions responsible for regulatory abilities continue to mature during adolescence, the brain is especially susceptible to environmental influences. As such, exposure to adverse peer experiences may undermine emotion regulation development. Thus, the present review sought to elucidate the association between adverse peer experiences and emotion regulation in adolescence (i.e. age 12–17 years). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of the literature assessing adverse peer experiences (victimization and rejection) and emotion regulation (including neurobiological, behavioral, cognitive levels of analysis) was conducted (Narticles included = 27). Results demonstrate that adverse peer experiences are negatively associated with emotion regulation processes, behaviorally and neurally. Although variability in definitions and measurement of constructs make nuanced comparisons between studies difficult, the present systematic review organizes this body of literature and discusses how promising theoretical perspectives, including the cognitive control of emotion model and social information processing theory, may help to explain this association. Finally, recommendations for future work to expand our understanding of these processes, and for intervention and prevention efforts (e.g., school-based violence prevention and socio-emotional learning programs, parenting practices) that may serve to ameliorate outcomes for youths facing adverse peer experiences and emotion dysregulation, are discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adrian, M., & Berk, M. (2018). Behavioral assessment of emotion dysregulation. In T. P. Beauchaine & S. E. Crowell (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of emotion dysregulation. New York: Oxford University Press.
Adrian, M., Jenness, J. L., Kuehn, K. S., Smith, M. R., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2019). Emotion regulation processes linking peer victimization to anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 31, 999–1009. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419000543.
Aldao, A., Gee, D. G., Reyes, A. D. L., & Seager, I. (2016). Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the development of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology: Current and future directions. Development and Psychopathology, 28, 927–946. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579416000638.
Arseneault, L., Bowes, L., & Shakoor, S. (2010). Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems: Much ado about nothing? Psychological Medicine, 40(5), 717–729. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709991383.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191.
Baumeister, R. F. (2002). Ego depletion and self-control failure: An energy model of the self’s executive function. Self and identity, 1, 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/152988602317319302.
Beauchaine, T. P. (2015). Future directions in emotion dysregulation and youth psychopathology. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44, 875–896. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1038827.
Bettencourt, A., Farrell, A., Liu, W., & Sullivan, T. (2013). Stability and change in patterns of peer victimization and aggression during adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 42, 429–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.738455.
Blake, J. J., Lund, E. M., Zhou, Q., Kwok, O. M., & Benz, M. R. (2012). National prevalence rates of bully victimization among students with disabilities in the United States. School Psychology Quarterly, 27, 210–222. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000008.
Blakemore, S., & Mills, K. L. (2014). Is adolescence a sensitive period for sociocultural processing? Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 187–207. https://www.annua lreviews.org /doi/pdf/10.1146/ annurev-psych-010213–115202
Bolling, D. Z., Pitskel, N. B., Deen, B., Crowley, M. J., Mayes, L. C., & Pelphrey, K. A. (2011). Development of neural systems for processing social exclusion from childhood to adolescence. Developmental Science, 14, 1431–1444. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01087.x.
Brenning, K., Soenens, B., Van Petegem, S., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2015). Perceived maternal autonomy support and early adolescent emotion regulation: A longitudinal study. Social Development, 24, 561–578. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12107.
Buhle, J., Wager, T., & Smith, E. (2010). Using the Stroop task to study emotion regulation. In R. Hassin, K. Ochsner, & Y. Trope (Eds.), Self Control in Society, Mind, and Brain (pp. 93–113). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chervonsky, E., & Hunt, C. (2019). Emotion regulation, mental health, and social wellbeing in a young adolescent sample: A concurrent and longitudinal investigation. Emotion, 19, 270–282. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000432.
Cole, P. M., Hall, S. E., & Hajal, N. J. (2017). Emotion dysregulation as a vulnerability to psychopathology. In T. P. Beauchaine & S. P. Hinshaw (Eds.), Child and adolescent psychopathology (3rd ed., pp. 346–386). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Crosby, J. W., Oehler, J., & Capaccioli, K. (2010). The relationship between peer victimization and post-traumatic stress symptomatology in a rural sample. Psychology in the Schools, 47, 297–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20471.
Dickson, D. J., Laursen, B., Valdes, O., & Stattin, H. H. (2019). Derisive parenting fosters dysregulated anger in adolescent children and subsequent difficulties with peers. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48, 1567–1579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01040-z.
Dodge, K. A., & Crick, N. R. (1990). Social information-processing bases of aggressive behavior in children. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16, 8–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167290161002.
Doyle, S. T., & Sullivan, T. N. (2017). Longitudinal relations between peer victimization, emotion dysregulation, and internalizing symptoms among early adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 37, 165–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431615594458.
Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., & Schelling, K. B. (2011). The impact of enhancing students’ social and emotional learning: A meta-analysis of student-based universal interventions. Child Development, 82, 405–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x.
Estévez, E., Estévez, J. F., Segura, L. L., & Suárez, C. (2019). The influence of bullying and cyberbullying in the psychological adjustment of victims and aggressors in adolescence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 2080–2096. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122080.
Ettekal, I., & Ladd, G. W. (2019). Development of aggressive-victims from childhood through adolescence: Associations with emotion dysregulation, withdrawn behaviors, moral disengagement, peer rejection, and friendships. Development and Psychopathology, 1, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419000063.
Farley, J. P., & Kim-Spoon, J. (2014). The development of adolescent self-regulation: The role of parent, peer, friend, and romantic relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 37, 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.03.009.
Farley, J. P., & Kim-Spoon, J. (2017). Parenting and adolescent self-regulation mediate between family socioeconomic status and adolescent adjustment. Journal of Early Adolescence, 37, 502–504. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431615611253.
Fosco, G. M., & Grych, J. H. (2012). Capturing the family context of emotion regulation: A family systems model comparison approach. Journal of Family Issues, 34, 557–578. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X12445889.
Geiser, C., Eid, M., Nussbeck, F. W., Courvoisier, D. S., & Cole, D. A. (2010). Analyzing true change in longitudinal multitrait-multimethod studies: Application of a multimethod change model to depression and anxiety in children. Developmental Psychology, 46, 29–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017888.
Graham, S., & Bellmore, A. D. (2007). Peer victimization and mental health during early adolescence. Theory into Practice, 46, 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405840701233081.
Gumora, G., & Arsenio, W. F. (2002). Emotionality, emotion regulation, and school performance in middle school children. Journal of School Psychology, 40, 395–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(02)00108-5.
Guyer, A. E., Caouette, J. D., Lee, C. C., & Ruiz, S. K. (2014). Will they like me? Adolescents’ emotional responses to peer evaluation. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38, 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025413515627.
Guyer, A. E., Choate, V. R., Pine, D. S., & Nelson, E. E. (2012). Neural circuitry underlying affective response to peer feedback in adolescence. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7, 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsr043.
Hannesdóttir, D. K., & Ollendick, T. H. (2017). Emotion regulation and anxiety: Developmental psychopathology and treatment. In C. A. Essau, S. LeBlanc, & T. H. Ollendick (Eds.), Emotion regulation and psychopathology in children and adolescents (pp. 154–170). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hardy, C. L., Bukowski, W. M., & Sippola, L. K. (2002). Stability and change in peer relationships during the transition to middle-level school. Journal of Early Adolescence, 22, 117–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431602022002001.
Hardy, S. A., Baldwin, C. R., Herd, T., & Kim-Spoon, J. (2020). Dynamic associations between religiousness and self-regulation across adolescence into young adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 56, 180–197. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000841.
Hemphill, S. A., & Heerde, J. A. (2014). Adolescent predictors of young adult cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among Australian youth. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 55, 580–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.04.014.
Hemphill, S. A., Tollit, M., Kotevski, A., & Heerde, J. A. (2015). Predictors of traditional and cyber-bullying victimization: A longitudinal study of australian secondary school students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30, 2567–2590. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514553636.
Herts, K. L., McLaughlin, K. A., & Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2012). Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking stress exposure to adolescent aggressive behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 1111–1122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9629-4.
Holmes, C., Brieant, A., King-Casas, B., & Kim-Spoon, J. (2019). How is religiousness associated with adolescent risk-taking? The roles of emotion regulation and executive function. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29, 334–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12438.
Huang, F. L., Lewis, C., Cohen, D. R., Prewett, S., & Herman, K. (2018). Bullying involvement, teacher-student relationships, and psychosocial outcomes. School Psychology Quarterly: The Official Journal of the Division of School Psychology, American Psychological Association, 33, 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000249.
Inzlicht, M., McKay, L., & Aronson, J. (2006). Stigma as ego depletion: How being the target of prejudice affects self- control. Psychological Science, 17, 262–269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01695.x.
Jankowski, K. F., Batres, J., Scott, H., Smyda, G., Pfeifer, J. H., & Quevedo, K. (2018). Feeling left out: Depressed adolescents may atypically recruit emotional salience and regulation networks during social exclusion. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 13, 863–876. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy055.
Jarcho, J. M., Tanofsky-Kraff, M., Nelson, E. E., Engel, S. G., Vannucci, A., Field, S. E., & Professor, A. (2015). Neural activation during anticipated peer evaluation and laboratorymeal intake in overweight girls with and without loss of control eating. NeuroImage, 108, 343–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.054.
Juvonen, J., & Graham, S. (2014). Bullying in schools: The power of bullies and the plight of victims. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 159–185. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115030.
Kalodner, C. R. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral theories. In D. Capuzzi & D. R. Gross (Eds.), Counseling and psychotherapy (pp. 193–213). Alexandria: American Counseling Association.
Khurana, A., Bleakley, A., Jordan, A. B., & Romer, D. (2015). The protective effects of parental monitoring and internet restriction on adolescents’ risk of online harassment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44, 1039–1047. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0242-4.
Kim, J., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 51, 706–716. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02202.x.
King, K. M., McLaughlin, K. A., Silk, J., & Monahan, K. C. (2018). Peer effects on self-regulation in adolescence depend on the nature and quality of the peer interaction. Development and Psychopathology, 30, 1389–1401. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417001560.
Kochel, K. P., Bagwell, C. L., Ladd, G. W., & Rudolph, K. D. (2017). Do positive peer relations mitigate transactions between depressive symptoms and peer victimization in adolescence? Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 51, 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2017.04.003.
Kokkinos, C. M., Algiovanoglou, I., & Voulgaridou, I. (2019). Emotion regulation and relational aggression in adolescents: Parental attachment as moderator. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 3146–3160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01491-9.
Larsen, J. K., Vermulst, A. A., Eisinga, R., English, T., Gross, J. J., Hofman, E., & Engels, R. C. M. E. M. E. (2012). Social coping by masking? Parental support and peer victimization as mediators of the relationship between depressive symptoms and expressive suppression in adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 1628–1642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9782-7.
Lemerise, E. A., & Arsenio, W. F. (2000). An integrated model of emotion processes and cognition in social information processing. Child Development, 71, 107–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00124.
Lennarz, H. K., Hollenstein, T., Lichtwarck-Aschoff, A., Kuntsche, E., & Granic, I. (2019). Emotion regulation in action: Use, selection, and success of emotion regulation in adolescents’ daily lives. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 43(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025418755540.
Lereya, S. T., Samara, M., & Wolke, D. (2013). Parenting behavior and the risk of becoming a victim and a bully/victim: A meta-analysis study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 37, 1091–1108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.001.
Lewis, M. D., & Stieben, J. (2004). Emotion regulation in the brain: Conceptual issues and directions for developmental research. Child Development, 75, 371–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00680.x.
Lopez, C., & DuBois, D. L. (2005). Peer victimization and rejection: Investigation of an integrative model of effects on emotional, behavioral, and academic adjustment in early adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3401_3.
Maciejewski, D. F., van Lier, P. A. C., Branje, S. J. T., Meeus, W. H. J., & Koot, H. M. (2015). A 5-year longitudinal study on mood variability across adolescence using daily diaries. Child Development, 86, 1908–1921. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12420.
Margulis, A. V., Pladevall, M., Riera-Guardia, N., Varas-Lorenzo, C., Hazell, L., Berkman, N. D., & Perez-Gutthann, S. (2014). Quality assessment of observational studies in a drug-safety systematic review, comparison of two tools: the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the RTI item bank. Clinical Epidemiology, 10, 359–368. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S66677.
Masten, C. L., Eisenberger, N. I., Borofsky, L. A., Pfeifer, J. H., McNealy, K., Mazziotta, J. C., & Dapretto, M. (2009). Neural correlates of social exclusion during adolescence: Understanding the distress of peer rejection. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 4, 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsp007.
Masten, C. L., Eisenberger, N. I., Pfeifer, J. H., & Dapretto, M. (2013). Neural responses to witnessing peer rejection after being socially excluded: FMRI as a window into adolescents’ emotional processing. Developmental Science, 16, 743–759. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12056.
McDougall, P., & Vaillancourt, T. (2015). Long-term adult outcomes of peer victimization in childhood and adolescence: Pathways to adjustment and maladjustment. American Psychologist, 70, 300–310. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039174.
McLaughlin, K. A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Hilt, L. M. (2009). Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking peer victimization to internalizing symptoms in adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 894–904. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015760.
McRae, K., Gross, J. J., Weber, J., Robertson, E. R., Sokol-Hessner, P., Ray, R. D., & Ochsner, K. N. (2012). The development of emotion regulation: An fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal in children, adolescents and young adults. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7, 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsr093.
Miller, A. B., Prinstein, M. J., Munier, E., Machlin, L. S., & Sheridan, M. A. (2018). Emotion reactivity and regulation in adolescent girls following an interpersonal rejection. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 31, 249–261. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01351.
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLOS Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097.
Moor, B. G., van Leijenhorst, L., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Crone, E. A., & Van der Molen, M. W. (2010). Do you like me? Neural correlates of social evaluation and developmental trajectories, Social Neuroscience, 5, 461–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470910903526155.
Morelen, D., Southam-Gerow, M., & Zeman, J. (2016). Child emotion regulation and peer victimization: The moderating role of child sex. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25, 1941–1953. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0360-6.
Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16, 361–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00389.x.
Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Terranova, A. M., & Kithakye, M. (2010). Concurrent and longitudinal links between children’s externalizing behavior in school and observed anger regulation in the mother–child dyad. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-009-9166-9.
Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 242–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.010.
Ochsner, K. N., Silvers, J. A., & Buhle, J. T. (2012). Review and evolving model of the cognitive control of emotion. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1251, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06751.x.Functional.
Olweus, D., & Limber, S. P. (2010). Bullying in school: Evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80, 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01015.x.
Platt, B., Campbell, C. A., James, A. C., Murphy, S. E., Cooper, M. J., & Lau, J. Y. F. F. (2015). Cognitive reappraisal of peer rejection in depressed versus non-depressed adolescents: Functional connectivity differences. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 61, 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.11.016.
Poldrack, R. A. (2011). Inferring mental states from neuroimaging data: From reverse inference to large-scale decoding. Neuron, 72, 692–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.11.001.
Poulan, F., & Chan, A. (2010). Friendship stability and change in childhood and adolescence. Developmental Review, 30(3), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2009.01.001.
Pouwels, J. L., Lansu, T. A. M., & Cillessen, A. H. N. (2016). Peer victimization in adolescence: Concordance between measures and associations with global and daily internalizing problems. Journal of Adolescence, 53, 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.10.004.
Prinstein, M. (2007). Assessment of Adolescents' Preference- and Reputation-based Peer Status Using Sociometric Experts. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 53, 243–261. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23096107
Riley, T. N., Sullivan, T. N., Hinton, T. S., & Kliewer, W. (2019). Longitudinal relations between emotional awareness and expression, emotion regulation, and peer victimization among urban adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 72, 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.02.005.
Rose, A. J., & Rudolph, K. D. (2006). A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 98–131. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.98.A.
Rubin, K. H., Bukowski, W. M., & Parker, J. G. (2006). Peer inter- actions, relationships, and groups. In N. E. Eisenberg, W. E. Damon, & R. M. E. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology. Emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 571–645). NJ: Wiley.
Rudolph, K. D. (2009). The interpersonal context of adolescent de- pression. In S. Nolen-Hoeksema & L. M. Hilt (Eds.), Handbook of Depression in Adolescents (pp. 377–418). UK: Routledge.
Rudolph, K. D., Miernicki, M. E., Troop-Gordon, W., Davis, M. M., & Telzer, E. H. (2016). Adding insult to injury: Neural sensitivity to social exclusion is associated with internalizing symptoms in chronically peer victimized girls. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11, 829–842. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw021.
Rudolph, K. D., Monti, J. D., Modi, H., Sze, W. Y., & Troop-Gordon, W. (2020a). Protecting youth against the adverse effects of peer victimization: Why do parents matter? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 48, 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00576-9.
Rudolph, K. D., Skymba, H. V., Modi, H. H., Davis, M. M., Yan Sze, W., Rosswurm, C. P., & Telzer, E. H. (2020b). How does peer adversity “Get inside the Brain?” Adolescent girls’ differential susceptibility to neural dysregulation of emotion following victimization. Developmental Psychobiology. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22022.
Rutter, M. (2001). Psychosocial adversity: Risk, resilience and recovery. In J. M. Richman & M. W. Fraser (Eds.), The context of youth violence: Resilience, risk and protection (pp. 13–41). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Sanchis-Sanchis, A., Grau, M. D., Moliner, A. R., & Morales-Murillo, C. P. (2020). Effects of Age and Gender in Emotion Regulation of Children and Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00946.
Schwartz, D., & Proctor, L. J. (2000). Community violence exposure and children’s socialadjustment in the school peer group: The mediating roles of emotion regulation and social cognition. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 670–683. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.4.670.
Sebastian, C. L., Tan, G. C. Y. Y., Roiser, J. P., Viding, E., Dumontheil, I., & Blakemore, S. J. (2011). Developmental influences on the neural bases of responses to social rejection: Implications of social neuroscience for education. NeuroImage, 57, 686–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.063.
Siegel, J. P. (2015). Emotional regulation in adolescent substance use disorders: Rethinking risk. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 24, 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2012.761169.
Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2003). Adolescents’ emotion regulation in daily life: Links to depressive symptoms and problem behavior. Child Development, 74, 1869–1880. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.14678624.2003.00643.x.
Smetana, J. G., Campione-Barr, N., & Metzger, A. (2006). Adolescent development in interpersonal and societal contexts. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 255–284. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190124.
Somerville, L. H. (2013). The teenage brain: Sensitivity to social evaluation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413476512.
Steinberg, L. (2005). Cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.005.
Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of a definition. In N. A. Fox (Ed.), Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development (Vol. 59, pp. 25–52). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Topper, L. R., Castellanos-Ryan, N., Mackie, C., & Conrod, P. J. (2011). Adolescent bullying victimization and alcohol-related problem behavior mediated by coping drinking motives over a 12month period. Addictive Behaviors, 36, 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.016.
Trompeter, N., Bussey, K., & Fitzpatrick, S. (2018). Cyber Victimization and Internalizing Difficulties: The Mediating Roles of Coping Self-Efficacy and Emotion Dysregulation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46, 1129–1139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0378-2.
Troop-Gordon, W. (2017). Peer victimization in adolescence: The nature, progression, and consequences of being bullied within a developmental context. Journal of Adolescence, 55, 116–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.12.012.
Trosper, S. E., Buzzella, B. A., Bennett, S. M., & Ehrenreich, J. T. (2009). Emotion regulation in youth with emotional disorders: Implications for a unified treatment approach. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 12, 234–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-009-0043-6.
Vanhalst, J., Luyckx, K., Van Petegem, S., & Soenens, B. (2018). The detrimental effects of adolescents’ chronic loneliness on motivation and emotion regulation in social situations. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47, 162–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0686-4.
Vranjes, I., Erreygers, S., Vandebosch, H., Baillien, E., & De Witte, H. (2018). Patterns of cybervictimization and emotion regulation in adolescents and adults. Aggressive Behavior, 44, 647–657. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21790.
Walters, J. M., & Kim-Spoon, J. (2014). Are religiousness and forgiveness protective factors for adolescents experiencing peer victimization? Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 23, 1090–1108. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2014.964438.
Widom, C. S. (2014). Long-term Consequences of Child Maltreatment. In J. Korbin & R. Krugman (Eds.), Handbook of Child Maltreatment. Child Maltreatment (Contemporary Issues in Research and Policy) (Vol. 2). Dordrecht: Springer.
Zimmermann, P., & Iwanski, A. (2014). Emotion regulation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood and middle adulthood: Age differences, gender differences, and emotion-specific developmental variations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38, 182–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025413515405.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Erin Goetzke for her help with article screening and coding.
Funding
This work was supported by grant awarded to Jungmeen Kim-Spoon from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA036017).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
TH conceived the idea, performed the literature search and analysis, and drafted the manuscript. JKS critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors report no conflict of interests.
Ethics Approval
Not Applicable.
Consent to Participate
Not Applicable.
Consent for Publication
Not Applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Herd, T., Kim-Spoon, J. A Systematic Review of Associations Between Adverse Peer Experiences and Emotion Regulation in Adolescence. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 24, 141–163 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-020-00337-x
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-020-00337-x