Apamin-sensitive small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) current (I_KAS) plays an important role in cardiac repolarization under a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. The regulation of cardiac I_KAS relies on SK channel expression, intracellular Ca²⁺, and interaction between SK channel and intracellular Ca²⁺. I_KAS activation participates in multiple types of arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and automaticity and conduction abnormality. Recently, sex dimorphisms in autonomic control have been noticed in I_KAS activation, resulting in sex-differentiated action potential morphology and arrhythmogenesis. This review provides an update on the Ca²⁺-dependent regulation of cardiac I_KAS and the role of I_KAS on arrhythmias, with a special focus on sex differences in I_KAS activation. We propose that sex dimorphism in autonomic control of I_KAS may play a role in J wave syndrome.

Apamin 敏感小电导钙激活钾 (SK) 电流 ( I _KAS ) 在各种生理和病理条件下的心脏复极中起重要作用。心脏I _KAS的调节依赖于SK通道的表达、细胞内Ca ^{2+以及SK通道与细胞内Ca 2+}的相互作用。I _KAS激活参与多种类型的心律失常，包括心房颤动、室性快速性心律失常以及自律性和传导异常。最近，在I _KAS中已经注意到自主控制中的性别二态性激活，导致性别分化的动作电位形态和心律失常发生。这篇综述提供了关于心脏I _{KAS的 Ca} ²⁺依赖性调节以及I _KAS对心律失常的作用的最新情况，特别关注I _KAS激活中的性别差异。我们提出I _KAS自主控制中的性别二态性可能在 J 波综合征中起作用。