Fe₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ (FD) was synthesized via green approach using Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) bud extract, for the effective removal of an antibiotic ciprofloxacin. The formation of Fe₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ nanocomposite was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, XPS and EDS. A magnetic counterpart c-Fe₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ (c-FD) was obtained via calcinations of FD at 700 °C and tested for the CIP removal performance. BET surface area of the FD and c-FD was found to be 112 and 41 m² g⁻¹. Antibiotics have been emerged as an issue high concern due to their potential risk for ecosystem and human health. There is a crucial need for the development of efficient materials for the recovery of these pollutants from waste water. Aiming on this issue, the synthesized systems were tested for Ciprofloxacin removal. The maximum adsorption capacity of 125 and 328 mg g⁻¹, for both FD and c-FD was obtained, respectively. The maximum percentage removal of CIP was found to be 70% for FD and 53% for c-FD at the adsorbent dose of 1 g L⁻¹ within 90 min for 40 ppm initial concentration of CIP. The effect of FD and c-FD nanocomposites on bacterial strains reveals their specific effect on Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli). Further, the regeneration and recyclability of nanoadsorbents showed excellent cycling stability and recyclability given their robustness, which is advantageous for further application in water purification and treatment.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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通过更绿色的途径生物合成的赤铁矿氧化s纳米复合物，用于环丙沙星的去除和抗菌活性

Fe ₂ O ₃ -Dy ₂ O ₃（FD）是通过绿色方法使用芳香丁香（丁香）芽提取物合成的，以有效去除抗生素环丙沙星。FTIR，XRD，XPS和EDS证实了Fe ₂ O ₃ -Dy ₂ O ₃纳米复合材料的形成。通过在700°C下煅烧FD，获得了磁性对应物c-Fe ₂ O ₃ -Dy ₂ O ₃（c-FD），并测试了CIP去除性能。FD和c-FD的BET表面积分别为112和41 m ²  g ^-1。由于抗生素对生态系统和人类健康的潜在风险，它们已成为备受关注的问题。迫切需要开发有效的材料以从废水中回收这些污染物。针对这个问题，对合成的系统进行环丙沙星去除测试。FD和c-FD的最大吸附容量分别为125和328 mg g ^-1。对于初始浓度为40 ppm的CIP，在1 g L ^-1的吸附剂量下，对于FD，CIP的最大去除百分比为FD的70％和c-FD的53％。FD和c-FD纳米复合材料对细菌菌株的影响揭示了它们对革兰氏阴性细菌大肠埃希氏大肠杆菌（E. coli）。此外，鉴于纳米吸附剂的坚固性，其再生和再循环性显示出优异的循环稳定性和再循环性，这对于进一步应用于水的净化和处理是有利的。

图形摘要