Contemporary challenges in decreasing Green House Gas emissions and finding alternative carbon and energy sources for fueling our society brought in the forefront processes based on biological conversions of gaseous substrates, such as syngas and carbon dioxide. Generation of synthesis gas or syngas (a gaseous mixture mainly of CO, H₂ and CO₂ generated during thermal decomposition of carbonaceous material in the presence of limited amount of an oxidizing agent) is known since the beginning of the 17th century and discovery of Fischer–Tropsch synthetic route in the beginning of the 20th century allowed the development of various routes for chemical catalytic synthesis of fuels and chemicals from syngas. Biological processing of syngas came in the forefront much later, following important advances within Microbiology and Biochemistry disciplines. This thermo-biochemical route for production of low-value products like fuels is considered competitive and advantageous compared to the thermochemical route when small-scale installations are concerned. Production of higher value products via the carboxylate platform is also a promising, and certainly worth-investigating route. Biological conversion of syngas and valorization of CO₂ via biological means, besides contributing in greening our world, come with similar product portfolio and share the same technological challenges. Therefore, the target of the current study is to provide an overview of the latest scientific advances within syngas and CO₂ valorization to fuels and chemicals and industrial applications and propose a way forward taking into account contemporary challenges and needs.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

---

气体生物转化：合成气和二氧化碳作为生产平台的潜力

在减少温室气体排放以及寻找替代碳和能源以推动社会发展方面面临的当代挑战带来了基于气态底物（例如合成气和二氧化碳）的生物转化的最前沿过程。生成合成气或合成气（主要为CO，H ₂和CO ₂的气体混合物自17世纪初以来，碳质材料在有限量的氧化剂存在下热分解过程中产生的碳酸盐就已为人所知。20世纪初的费-托合成路线的发现使化学的各种路线得以发展由合成气催化合成燃料和化学品。继微生物学和生物化学学科的重要进展之后，合成气的生物处理技术走得更晚。与涉及小型装置的热化学路线相比，这种用于生产低价值产品（例如燃料）的热生物化学路线被认为具有竞争力和优势。通过羧酸盐平台生产更高价值的产品也是有前途的，而且当然是值得研究的途径。₂通过生物手段，除了为绿色世界做出贡献之外，还拥有类似的产品组合并面临着相同的技术挑战。因此，本研究的目标是概述合成气和用于燃料和化学产品的CO ₂增值和工业应用中的最新科学进展，并提出考虑当前挑战和需求的前进方式。

图形概要