Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an extremely common medical affliction affecting both adult and pediatric patients resulting from hypoxic, nephrotoxic, and septic insults affecting approximately 20% of all hospital patients and up to 50% of patients in the intensive care unit. There are currently no therapeutics for patients who suffer AKI. Much recent work has focused on designing and implementing therapeutics for AKI. This review focuses on a family of enzymes known as sirtuins that play critical roles in regulating many cellular and biological functions. There are 7 mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1–7) that play roles in regulating the acylation of a wide variety of pathways. Furthermore, all but one of the mammalian sirtuins have been shown to play critical roles in mediating AKI based on preclinical studies. These diverse enzymes show exciting potential for therapeutic manipulation. This review will focus on the specific roles of each of the investigated sirtuins and the potential for manipulation of the various sirtuins and their effector pathways in mediating kidney injury.

急性肾损伤 (AKI) 是一种极其常见的疾病，影响成人和儿童患者，原因是缺氧、肾毒性和败血症，影响大约 20% 的医院患者和高达 50% 的重症监护病房患者。目前没有针对患有 AKI 的患者的治疗方法。最近的许多工作都集中在设计和实施 AKI 治疗上。这篇综述重点关注称为 sirtuins 的酶家族，它们在调节许多细胞和生物功能方面发挥着关键作用。有 7 种哺乳动物 sirtuins (SIRT1–7) 在调节多种途径的酰化中发挥作用。此外，根据临床前研究，除一种哺乳动物 sirtuins 外，其他所有 sirtuins 均已显示在介导 AKI 中发挥关键作用。这些不同的酶显示出令人兴奋的治疗操作潜力。这篇综述将重点关注每一种被研究的 sirtuins 的具体作用，以及操纵各种 sirtuins 及其效应通路在介导肾损伤中的潜力。