Camelina sativa L. Crantz (Brassicaceae family), known as camelina, has gained new attention as a re-emerging oil seed crop. With a unique seed oil profile, with the majority of the fatty acids consisting of linolenic (C18:3), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), and eicosenoic (C20:1), camelina oil is reported to be useful as a food oil and biofuel. However, there are still many unknown factors about the structure and genetic variability of this crop. Chromosomal localization of ribosomal DNA was performed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S rDNA and 25S rDNA sequences as molecular probes on mitotic chromosomes of enzymatically digested root-tip meristematic cells. Here, we present for the first time a comparative analysis of selected genotypes (cultivars, breeding lines and mutants) of C. sativa with the use of cytogenetic techniques. The main aim of the study was to determine the intraspecific and interspecific polymorphisms in the structure of chromosomes of selected accessions using conserved 5S and 25S rDNA repetitive sequences as molecular probes. The results were compared with C. microcarpa (closely related to C. sativa) rDNA gene loci distribution. The presence of minor rDNA sites was discussed and compared with other Brassicaceae species. In addition, demonstration karyograms of C. sativa and C. microcarpa mapped with rDNA probes were prepared based on the cv. “Przybrodzka” and GE2011-02 genotype, respectively. The use of 5S and 25S rDNA probes provided an insight on the genome structure of C. sativa at the cytogenetic level and can help to understand the genome organization of this crop. The putative role of cytogenetic markers in phylogenetic analyses of camelina was discussed, as well.

Camelina sativa L. Crantz（十字花科），被称为亚麻荠，作为一种重新出现的油料种子作物获得了新的关注。据报道，亚麻籽油具有独特的种子油特性，其中大部分脂肪酸由亚麻酸 (C18:3)、油酸 (C18:1)、亚油酸 (C18:2) 和二十碳烯酸 (C20:1) 组成可用作食用油和生物燃料。然而，关于该作物的结构和遗传变异性，仍有许多未知因素。使用荧光原位杂交 (FISH) 进行核糖体 DNA 的染色体定位，其中 5S rDNA 和 25S rDNA 序列作为酶消化的根尖分生细胞的有丝分裂染色体上的分子探针。在这里，我们首次对选定的基因型（栽培品种、育种系和突变体）进行了比较分析。C. sativa使用细胞遗传学技术。该研究的主要目的是使用保守的 5S 和 25S rDNA 重复序列作为分子探针，确定选定种质染色体结构中的种内和种间多态性。结果与C. microcarpa（与C. sativa密切相关）rDNA基因位点分布进行了比较。讨论了次要 rDNA 位点的存在，并与其他十字花科物种进行了比较。此外，C. sativa和C. microcarpa用 rDNA 探针映射的示范核图是基于 cv. 准备的。分别为“Przybrodzka”和GE2011-02基因型。5S 和 25S rDNA 探针的使用提供了对基因组结构的深入了解C. sativa在细胞遗传学水平上有助于了解这种作物的基因组组织。还讨论了细胞遗传标记在亚麻荠系统发育分析中的假定作用。