Introduction Human rhinovirus (HRV) is one of the most common human viral pathogens related to infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, which can result in bronchiolitis and pneumonia. However, the relevance of HRV in human health was under-estimated for long time due to the absence of molecular targets for influenza and influenza-like syndrome surveillance in Brasília, Brazil. Objectives The main objective of this study was analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of HRV infections in comparison with patients without HRV and other common respiratory viruses. Materials and Methods For this purpose, new specific primer sets were designed based on the high throughput sequencing analysis in previous study. These primers were used for HRV detection by RT-qPCR and Sanger sequencing of amplified cDNA of 5′ genomic region. The phylogenetic tree with representative HRV isolates was constructed using the Mega X software. Statistical analysis considering the patient profiles were performed using IBM SPSS program with non-parametric tests. Results The most prevalent virus in negative samples was rhinovirus ( n = 40), including three rhinovirus species (rhinovirus A, B, and C). The odds ratio associated with HRV infection was 2.160 for patients younger than 2 years and 4.367 for people living in rural areas. The multiple analysis showed lower chance of patients with HRV presenting respiratory distress. Conclusion In this study, it was reported the predominance of rhinoviruses in cases of respiratory illness for negative patients for the influenza and influenza-like syndrome surveillance, being rhinorrhea, the most significant symptom associated with the disease.

中文翻译：

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巴西巴西利亚鼻病毒感染相关的分子和临床特征

简介 人鼻病毒 (HRV) 是与上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染相关的最常见的人类病毒病原体之一，可导致细支气管炎和肺炎。然而，由于巴西巴西利亚缺乏流感和流感样综合征监测的分子靶点，长期以来一直低估 HRV 与人类健康的相关性。目的 本研究的主要目的是与没有 HRV 和其他常见呼吸道病毒的患者相比，分析 HRV 感染的临床特征和结果。材料和方法 为此，基于先前研究中的高通量测序分析设计了新的特异性引物组。这些引物用于通过 RT-qPCR 和 Sanger 测序对 5' 基因组区域的扩增 cDNA 进行 HRV 检测。使用 Mega X 软件构建具有代表性 HRV 分离株的系统发育树。使用带有非参数检验的 IBM SPSS 程序进行考虑到患者概况的统计分析。结果阴性样本中最流行的病毒是鼻病毒（n = 40），包括三种鼻病毒（鼻病毒 A、B 和 C）。2 岁以下患者与 HRV 感染相关的优势比为 2.160，农村地区人群为 4.367。多重分析显示 HRV 患者出现呼吸窘迫的几率较低。结论 在这项研究中，据报道，流感和流感样综合征监测阴性患者的呼吸道疾病病例中鼻病毒占优势，鼻漏是与该疾病相关的最显着症状。