The vital sensing parameter on self-sensing actuation in the spring form of shape memory alloy (SMA) is determined through experimental analysis. A unique measurement technique is adopted that interlinks the electro–thermo–mechano features during the shape memory effect in NiTi, NiTiCu, and NiTiFe springs. The influence of the spring index, the number of active turns, material composition, and transition temperature is assessed. SMA spring’s effective functional behavior to be used as an actuator and or a sensor is ensured via the measurement of electrical parameters—the resistance, inductance, and impedance variations revealed during the solid–solid phase change, i.e., displacement. However, the spring form of SMA would exhibit variation in inductance and a variation in electrical resistance, which in turn is considered a variation in the electrical impedance, which may also be appropriate sensing information. The thermo-mechanical and thermo-electrical measurements are synchronized using an impedance analyzer and data acquisition module with a specific programming technique. The active spring is equivalently a series resistance–inductance circuit, since the collective effect of a decrease in resistance and increase in inductance with an increase in temperature offers increased \(\frac{L}{R}\) and vice versa to support structural health monitoring.

通过实验分析确定了形状记忆合金（SMA）弹簧形式的自感应致动时的生命敏感参数。在NiTi，NiTiCu和NiTiFe弹簧的形状记忆效应中，采用了一种独特的测量技术，该技术将电-热-机械特性相互关联。评估了弹簧指数，有效匝数，材料成分和转变温度的影响。SMA弹簧用作执行器和/或传感器的有效功能行为是通过测量电参数（在固-固相变（即位移）过程中显示的电阻，电感和阻抗变化）来确保的。但是，SMA的弹簧形式会表现出电感变化和电阻变化，反过来，这被认为是电阻抗的变化，这也可能是适当的感测信息。使用阻抗分析仪和数据采集模块以特定的编程技术使热机械和热电测量结果同步。有源弹簧等效地是串联的电阻-电感电路，因为随着温度的升高，电阻减小和电感增加的共同作用会增加\（\ frac {L} {R} \），反之亦然，以支持结构健康状况监视。