According to conflict-monitoring theory (Botvinick, Braver, Barch, Carter, & Cohen, 2001), sequential adjustments in cognitive control indicate that encountering information-processing conflict engages cognitive-control mechanisms. With 20 participants in an event-related-potential (ERP) experiment, we found significant congruence-sequence effects (CSEs) for behavioral measures and for N2 amplitude, a negative-going ERP component established in previous work to be related to cognitive control. We also found an interaction between the Stroop-trajectory manipulation and a response-compatibility manipulation for behavioral measures and, to a lesser extent, for N2 amplitude, such that the Stroop-trajectory congruence effect was larger on response-compatible than on response-incompatible trials. This study is the first to identify N2 amplitude as a neural correlate of the CSE in a confound-minimized task. Accordingly, these results found N2 amplitude to be associated with adjustments in cognitive control as a function of sequential and response-facilitation effects while also validating the Stroop-trajectory task as a confound-minimized means of assessing neural correlates of CSEs.

中文翻译：

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认知控制中顺序和反应促进作用的N2事件相关电位相关性分析

根据冲突监控理论（Botvinick，Braver，Barch，Carter和Cohen，2001年），认知控制中的顺序调整表明遇到信息处理冲突时会参与认知控制机制。在事件相关电位（ERP）实验中有20位参与者，我们发现行为测度和N2振幅具有显着的一致性序列效应（CSE），N2振幅是先前工作中确定的负向ERP成分，与认知控制有关。我们还发现Stroop轨迹操纵与响应兼容操纵之间的行为度量以及较小程度的N2振幅之间存在交互作用，因此Stroop轨迹一致对响应兼容的影响大于对响应不兼容的影响审判。这项研究是第一个将N2振幅识别为混杂最小任务中CSE的神经相关因素的研究。因此，这些结果发现，N2振幅与认知控制的调整有关，后者是顺序和反应促进作用的函数，同时也验证了Stroop-trajectory任务是评估CSE的神经相关性的最小化方法。