Wheat is a major diet from many years; apart from its nutritious value, the wheat protein gliadin is responsible for many inflammatory diseases like celiac disease (CD), and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). In this study, the gliadin-induced inflammation and associated cellular damage along with the protective role of curcumin was evaluated using human intestinal cell lines (HCT-116 and HT-29) as a model. Cells were cultured and exposed to 160 μg/ml of gliadin, 100 μM H₂O₂, and 10 μM curcumin (3 h pretreatment) followed by the assessment of inflammation. Spectrophotometric methods, real-time-PCR, ELISA, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy techniques were used to assess inflammatory markers such as advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) level, activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), cytokines, and cell damage markers. The results show that gliadin increases the AOPPs level and the activity of MPO and NOX expression. It enhances inflammation by increasing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, altered expression of anti-inflammatory, and regulatory cytokines. It exacerbates the cellular damage by increasing MMP-2 and 9 and decreasing integrin α and β expression. Gliadin promotes disease pathogenesis by inducing the inflammation and cellular damage which further alter the cellular homeostasis. The pretreatment of curcumin counteracts the adverse effect of gliadin and protect the cells via diminishing the inflammation and help the cell to regain the cellular morphology suggesting phytochemical-based remedial interventions against wheat allergies.

多年来，小麦一直是人们的主要饮食；除了其营养价值外，小麦蛋白醇溶蛋白还导致许多炎症性疾病，如乳糜泻 (CD) 和非腹腔麸质敏感性 (NCGS)。在这项研究中，使用人肠道细胞系（HCT-116 和 HT-29）作为模型评估了麦醇溶蛋白诱导的炎症和相关的细胞损伤以及姜黄素的保护作用。培养细胞并暴露于 160 μg/ml 的麦醇溶蛋白、100 μM H ₂ O ₂和 10 μM 姜黄素（3 小时预处理），然后评估炎症。分光光度法、实时 PCR、ELISA、蛋白质印迹和共聚焦显微镜技术用于评估炎症标志物，例如高级氧化蛋白产物 (AOPP) 水平、髓过氧化物酶 (MPO) 和 NADPH 氧化酶 (NOX) 的活性、细胞因子、和细胞损伤标志物。结果表明麦醇溶蛋白增加了AOPPs水平和MPO和NOX表达的活性。它通过增加促炎细胞因子的表达、改变抗炎和调节细胞因子的表达来增强炎症。它通过增加 MMP-2 和 9 以及降低整合素 α 和 β 的表达来加剧细胞损伤。麦胶蛋白通过诱导炎症和细胞损伤来促进疾病的发生，进而改变细胞稳态。姜黄素预处理可中和麦胶蛋白的不良反应，保护细胞通过减少炎症并帮助细胞恢复细胞形态，表明基于植物化学的治疗干预措施可以对抗小麦过敏。