Atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is predicted to double by late twenty-first century, likely increasing global temperature by 2.2 °C. Elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) and temperature (eT) affect agricultural crops as well as pests and their natural enemies. Changes in any part of multitrophic systems due to environmental factors can affect pest infestation and disease dynamics, as well as the effectiveness of biological control programs. Our study evaluated the effects of eCO₂ and eT combined on the performance of the parasitoid Aphidius colemani Vierick (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) when its aphid host Rhopalosiphum padi L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was exposed to non-infected or Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV–PAV) infected wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Poaceae). Using controlled environment chambers, plant physiology and parasitoid performance were examined under ambient (aCO₂&aT; aCO₂ = 400 ppm, aT = 20 °C) and elevated (eCO₂&eT; eCO₂ = 800 ppm, eT = 22 °C) conditions. Virus infection reduced plant biomass and chlorophyll content more pronouncedly under eCO₂&eT. Developmental time from oviposition to adult emergence of A. colemani significantly decreased under eCO₂&eT, on virus-infected and non-infected plants. However, parasitism rate, sex ratio and pupal survivorship remained unchanged under eCO₂&eT, regardless of virus infection. Therefore, we incline to suggest that the biocontrol of R. padi by A. colemani will continue being effective in a future climate with similar conditions as studied here. This study provides empirical data on a particular tritrophic system (plant-pest-parasitoid) affected by plant virus and eCO₂&eT, essential to complement scientific knowledge about the impact of climate change on complex interactions of agro-ecosystems.

到二十一世纪末，预计大气中二氧化碳（CO ₂）的浓度将增加一倍，可能会使全球温度升高2.2°C。升高的CO ₂（eCO ₂）和温度（eT）影响农作物以及害虫及其天敌。由于环境因素，多营养系统任何部分的变化都可能影响病虫害和疾病动态以及生物防治计划的有效性。我们的研究评估生态的影响，₂相结合的寄生蜂的性能和ET烟蚜colemani Vierick（膜翅目：茧蜂科）时，其蚜主机禾谷缢L.（半翅目：蚜科）暴露于非感染或大麦黄矮病毒（BYDV–PAV）感染了小麦（普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.，Poaceae））。使用可控环境室，在环境（aCO ₂＆aT; aCO ₂  = 400 ppm，aT = 20°C）和升高（eCO ₂＆eT; eCO ₂  = 800 ppm，eT = 22°C）下检查植物生理和类寄生物性能。条件。在eCO ₂＆eT下，病毒感染更明显地降低了植物的生物量和叶绿素含量。在eCO ₂条件下，从产卵到成虫A. colemani的发育时间显着减少＆eT，涉及受病毒感染和未感染的植物。然而，在eCO ₂＆eT下，无论病毒感染如何，寄生率，性别比和p存活率均保持不变。因此，我们倾向于建议由A. colemani对R. padi进行生物防治将在与本文研究的条件类似的未来气候中继续有效。这项研究提供了受植物病毒和eCO ₂＆eT影响的特定三营养系统（植物-害虫-寄生虫）的经验数据，对于补充有关气候变化对农业生态系统复杂相互作用影响的科学知识至关重要。