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Combined effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on multitrophic interactions involving a parasitoid of plant virus vectors

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Abstract

Atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) is predicted to double by late twenty-first century, likely increasing global temperature by 2.2 °C. Elevated CO2 (eCO2) and temperature (eT) affect agricultural crops as well as pests and their natural enemies. Changes in any part of multitrophic systems due to environmental factors can affect pest infestation and disease dynamics, as well as the effectiveness of biological control programs. Our study evaluated the effects of eCO2 and eT combined on the performance of the parasitoid Aphidius colemani Vierick (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) when its aphid host Rhopalosiphum padi L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was exposed to non-infected or Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV–PAV) infected wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Poaceae). Using controlled environment chambers, plant physiology and parasitoid performance were examined under ambient (aCO2&aT; aCO2 = 400 ppm, aT = 20 °C) and elevated (eCO2&eT; eCO2 = 800 ppm, eT = 22 °C) conditions. Virus infection reduced plant biomass and chlorophyll content more pronouncedly under eCO2&eT. Developmental time from oviposition to adult emergence of A. colemani significantly decreased under eCO2&eT, on virus-infected and non-infected plants. However, parasitism rate, sex ratio and pupal survivorship remained unchanged under eCO2&eT, regardless of virus infection. Therefore, we incline to suggest that the biocontrol of R. padi by A. colemani will continue being effective in a future climate with similar conditions as studied here. This study provides empirical data on a particular tritrophic system (plant-pest-parasitoid) affected by plant virus and eCO2&eT, essential to complement scientific knowledge about the impact of climate change on complex interactions of agro-ecosystems.

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The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgement

We thank Narelle Nancarrow and Mohammad Aftab for research support as well as Oscar Fung and Andrew Hallett for technical assistance.

Funding

This project was supported by Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Australia; and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Research Grants Nos. AGL2013-47603-C2-1-R and AGL2017-83498-c2-2-R). AM was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education (Fellowship No. FPU2015-05173) and Consejo Social UPM (International research fellowship), Spain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Ana Moreno-Delafuente, Elisa Viñuela & Pilar Medina

  2. Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Agriculture Victoria Research, Horsham, VIC, 3400, Australia

    Ana Moreno-Delafuente & Piotr Trębicki

  3. Insectos Vectores de Patógenos de Plantas, Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    Alberto Fereres

  4. Associated Unit IVAS (CSIC-UPM), Control of Insect Vectors of Viruses in Horticultural Sustainable Systems, Madrid, 28006, Spain

    Elisa Viñuela, Alberto Fereres & Pilar Medina

  5. Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia

    Piotr Trębicki

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  1. Ana Moreno-Delafuente
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  2. Elisa Viñuela
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  3. Alberto Fereres
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AM, PM, PT conceived and designed the research; AM, PT conducted the experiments; AM, PM, PT analysed the data, wrote manuscript drafts and final version; PT prepared the figures; all authors revised and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Piotr Trębicki.

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Moreno-Delafuente, A., Viñuela, E., Fereres, A. et al. Combined effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on multitrophic interactions involving a parasitoid of plant virus vectors. BioControl 66, 307–319 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-020-10069-0

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