Most emergency responses involve collaborative efforts from teams operating in the field and in the backstage. Collaboration within and across agencies should therefore be regarded as an essential service in emergency management. We propose a conceptual lens to analyse the technological support to collaboration services in emergency management. The proposed lens is based on the 3C Model, which regards collaboration services as the articulation and composition of three other services: communication, coordination and cooperation. Using this lens, we conduct a scoping literature review of the emergency management domain. The review contributes to better understand the relationships between collaboration services and technology support in emergency management.

大多数应急响应都需要现场和后台团队的共同努力。因此，应将机构内部和机构之间的协作视为应急管理中的一项基本服务。我们提出一个概念性的角度来分析紧急管理中对协作服务的技术支持。提议的镜头基于3C模型，该模型将协作服务视为其他三项服务的表达和组成：通信，协调与合作。使用这个镜头，我们对应急管理领域进行了范围广泛的文献回顾。该审查有助于更好地了解应急管理中协作服务与技术支持之间的关系。