Mycobacterial infections are widely distributed in animals and cause considerable economic losses, especially in livestock animals. Bovine paratuberculosis and bovine tuberculosis, which are representative mycobacterial infections in cattle, are difficult to diagnose using current-generation diagnostics due to their relatively long incubation periods. Thus, alternative diagnostic tools are needed for the detection of mycobacterial infections in cattle. A biomarker is an indicator present in biological fluids that reflects the biological state of an individual during the progression of a specific disease. Therefore, biomarkers are considered a potential diagnostic tool for various diseases. Recently, the number of studies investigating biomarkers as tools for diagnosing mycobacterial infections has increased. In human medicine, many diagnostic biomarkers have been developed and applied in clinical practice. In veterinary medicine, however, many such developments are still in the early stages. In this review, we summarize the current progress in biomarker research related to the development of diagnostic biomarkers for mycobacterial infections in cattle.

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生物标志物作为牛分枝杆菌感染的诊断工具

分枝杆菌感染在动物中广泛分布，并造成相当大的经济损失，尤其是家畜。牛副结核病和牛结核病是牛中具有代表性的分枝杆菌感染，由于它们的潜伏期相对较长，因此难以使用当前一代的诊断方法进行诊断。因此，需要替代诊断工具来检测牛的分枝杆菌感染。生物标志物是一种存在于生物体液中的指标，它反映了个体在特定疾病进展过程中的生物状态。因此，生物标志物被认为是各种疾病的潜在诊断工具。最近，调查生物标志物作为诊断分枝杆菌感染工具的研究数量有所增加。在人类医学中，许多诊断性生物标志物已被开发并应用于临床实践。然而，在兽医学中，许多这样的发展仍处于早期阶段。在这篇综述中，我们总结了与牛分枝杆菌感染诊断生物标志物开发相关的生物标志物研究的当前进展。