Abstract

This article dwells upon the current understanding of the multifunctionality of forest ecosystems and links between multifunctionality and biodiversity, as well as the trade-offs and synergy between the ecosystem functions (EFs) and services of forests. The relevance of studying ecosystem services (ES’s) is determined by the modern societal needs that have emerged as a result of global economic and population growth. Forest ecosystems provide multiple services simultaneously; i.e., they possess a multifunctionality trait. The majority of studies, however, focus on the relationships between biodiversity and individual ES’s. Therefore, the impact of biodiversity loss on ES’s is greatly underestimated due to the underdeveloped methodology and tools taking into account the multifunctionality of ecosystems. We propose a conceptual scheme of the linkages among biodiversity, multiple functions, and multiple services, including the factors affecting these links. The interdisciplinary concept of links and their introduction to support administrative decision-making necessitates addressing the following: identifying informative indicators of the links and assessing the synergies and trade-offs between various EFs. Reaching those objectives will allow us not only to obtain new fundamental knowledge about processes involved in the functioning of forest ecosystems, but also create markets for ES’s that have not been considered marketable previously and ensure steady, sustainable forest use.

中文翻译：

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森林生态系统的多功能性和生物多样性

摘要

本文基于对森林生态系统的多功能性以及多功能性与生物多样性之间的联系以及生态系统功能与森林服务之间的权衡与协同作用的当前理解。研究生态系统服务（ES's）的相关性取决于全球经济和人口增长所产生的现代社会需求。森林生态系统同时提供多种服务；即，它们具有多功能性。但是，大多数研究集中在生物多样性与个体生态系统之间的关系。因此，由于未充分考虑到生态系统的多功能性的方法和工具，生物多样性丧失对生态系统的影响被大大低估了。我们提出了生物多样性，多种功能和多种服务之间的联系的概念方案，包括影响这些联系的因素。链接的跨学科概念及其引入以支持行政决策，因此有必要解决以下问题：确定链接的信息性指标并评估各种EF之间的协同作用和权衡。达到这些目标将使我们不仅能够获得有关森林生态系统功能所涉及的过程的新的基础知识，而且还能够为以前从未被认为可销售的生态系统创造市场，并确保稳定，可持续地利用森林。链接的跨学科概念及其引入以支持行政决策，因此有必要解决以下问题：确定链接的信息性指标并评估各种EF之间的协同作用和权衡。达到这些目标将使我们不仅能够获得有关森林生态系统功能所涉及的过程的新的基础知识，而且还能够为以前从未被认为可销售的生态系统创造市场，并确保稳定，可持续地利用森林。链接的跨学科概念及其引入以支持行政决策，因此有必要解决以下问题：确定链接的信息性指标并评估各种EF之间的协同作用和权衡。达到这些目标将使我们不仅能够获得有关森林生态系统功能所涉及的过程的新的基础知识，而且还能够为以前从未被认为可销售的生态系统创造市场，并确保稳定，可持续地利用森林。