Abstract This paper explores Merge and proposes a new form of sideward movement (double sideward movement) carried out by a new application of External Merge. Double sideward movement occurs in the following way: given a syntactic object S containing XP and YP, Merge applies to XP and YP, and creates {XP, YP} outside S, thus causing XP and YP to undergo sideward movement at the same time. It is argued that multiple clefts (cleft sentences with multiple phrases in the focus position) in Japanese are derived by double sideward movement of the multiple focus phrases and that this derivation is responsible for certain surprising properties of Japanese multiple clefts, some well known and others newly discovered, including the lack of island effects and the presence and absence of clausemate effects. Other consequences are discussed for the nature of operator movement and scrambling as well as for restrictions on the application of Merge.

中文翻译：

---

探索合并：一种新的横向移动形式

摘要本文探讨了合并，并提出了通过外部合并的新应用执行的一种新的横向移动形式（双侧向移动）。双向横向移动是通过以下方式发生的：给定包含XP和YP的语法对象S，Merge应用于XP和YP，并在S外部创建{XP，YP}，从而使XP和YP同时进行横向移动。有人认为，日语中的多个c裂（在焦点位置带有多个短语的left裂句子）是通过多个焦点短语的双侧向移动得出的，这种推导是造成日语中多个multiple裂的某些令人惊讶的特性的原因，其中一些是众所周知的，而其他新发现的，包括缺乏岛效应以及存在和不存在从属效应。