Abstract This paper attempts to show different terms of address in Lori and how the non-existence of deferential ʃomɑ (V) compared to Persian leads to some misunderstandings. Deferential V substitutes with other terms of address such as fictive kinship terms, formal titles, religious terms, address inversion and indirect address. For this purpose, the data were collected via two methods: (i) interviews (18 informants); (ii) direct observations (27 different contexts). The results obtained from direct observations were collected to check the reliability of interviews. The results demonstrate that politeness is not always a matter of ‘non-solidarity’ and ‘power’, but sometimes solidarity plays an essential role in making terms of address politer. Furthermore, social factors such as gender, age and social roles are crucial in determining appropriate terms of address. Lastly, men and women used fictive kinship terms differently. While women addressed their older cousins and affinal relatives by means of fictive kinship terms, men used them for addressing total strangers. This behaviour means that women tend to make a distance from the addressee whereas men try to create solidarity.

中文翻译：

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洛里（Lori）的住址和虚构亲戚礼貌

摘要本文试图说明洛里语中的不同称谓语，以及与波斯语相比不存在递归语ʃomɑ（V）的原因。防御性V用其他称谓语替代，例如虚拟亲属称呼，正式头衔，宗教用语，地址倒置和间接称呼。为此，通过两种方法收集数据：（i）访谈（18名线人）；（ii）直接观察（27种不同情况）。收集直接观察所得的结果，以检查访谈的可靠性。结果表明，礼貌并不总是“非团结”和“权力”的问题，但有时团结在使称呼礼节方面起着至关重要的作用。此外，社会因素，例如性别，年龄和社会角色对于确定合适的称呼术语至关重要。最后，男人和女人对虚拟亲属关系的称呼有所不同。女人用假想亲戚称呼他们的堂兄和亲戚亲戚时，男人却用她们来称呼所有陌生人。这种行为意味着女性倾向于与收件人保持距离，而男性则试图建立团结。