We present a one-step route for the preparation of nickel phosphide/carbon nanotube (Ni₂P@CNT) nano-composites for supercapacitor applications using a facile, ultrafast (90 s) microwave-based approach. Ni₂P nanoparticles could grow uniformly on the surface of CNTs under the optimized reaction conditions, namely, a feeding ratio of 30:50:25 for CNT, Ni(NO₃)₂ · 6H₂O, and red phosphorus and a microwave power of 1000 W for 90 s. Our study demonstrated that the single-step microwave synthesis process for creating metal phosphide nanoparticles was faster and simpler than all the other existing methods. Electrochemical results showed that the specific capacitance of the optimal Ni₂P@CNT-nanocomposite electrode displayed a high specific capacitance of 854 F · g⁻¹ at 1 A · g⁻¹ and a superior capacitance retention of 84% after 5000 cycles at 10 A·g⁻¹. Finally, an asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled using the nanocomposite with activated carbon as one electrode (Ni₂P@CNT//AC), which showed a remarkable energy density of 33.5 W · h · kg⁻¹ and a power density of 387.5 W·kg⁻¹. This work will pave the way for the microwave synthesis of other transition metal phosphide materials for use in energy storage systems.

我们提供了一种简便的方法，可使用一种简便，超快的（90 s）微波方法制备用于超级电容器应用的磷化镍/碳纳米管（Ni ₂ P @ CNT）纳米复合材料。在优化的反应条件下，即CNT，Ni（NO ₃）₂ ·6H ₂ O，红磷和微波的进料比为30：50：25，Ni ₂ P纳米粒子可以在CNT的表面均匀生长。1000 W持续90 s。我们的研究表明，用于生成金属磷化物纳米粒子的单步微波合成工艺比所有其他现有方法更快，更简单。电化学结果表明，最佳Ni ₂的比电容P @ CNT-纳米复合电极在1 A·g ^-1下显示出854 F·g ^-1的高比电容，在10 A·g ^-1下经过5000次循环后显示出84％的优异电容保持率。最后，以活性炭为电极的纳米复合材料（Ni ₂ P @ CNT // AC）组装了不对称超级电容器，其能量密度为33.5 W·h·kg ^-1，功率密度为387.5 W·千克^-1。这项工作将为微波合成储能系统中使用的其他过渡金属磷化物材料铺平道路。