It has been an established fact that R&D activities and international trade is correlated but the directions of causal interplays between them have not yet been unambiguously established. Most of the theoretical and empirical studies revealed that trade liberalization led to R&D expansion but not the reverse. But empirically, it may happen that R&D activity may cause more trade associations. Under this juncture, the present study aims to examine the long-run associations and short-run dynamics between trade indicator, share of net FDI inflow to GDP, and R&D intensity for the leading countries and groups and their panels in R&D spending. By developing a theoretical model, the study makes empirical verifications such as cointegration, error correction, and Granger causality tests for the individual countries and groups and then compared the results by taking dynamic panel of the countries and groups. The results reveal that R&D and FDI are unambiguously cointegrated and thus have long-run equilibrium relations in the panel data format unlike the situations of individual country and groups. Further, for the short run, the panel study reveals both way causal relations between the two variables. It is thus suggested that policy and lawmakers should implement plans such as increase in research fund in R&D through public–private partnership, ease on patent system, etc., to welcome FDI.

研发活动与国际贸易相关已是公认的事实，但它们之间因果相互作用的方向尚未明确确定。大多数理论和实证研究表明，贸易自由化会导致研发扩张，但并非相反。但根据经验，研发活动可能会导致更多的行业协会。在此关头，本研究旨在检验贸易指标、净 FDI 流入占 GDP 的份额与领先国家和集团及其研发支出小组的研发强度之间的长期关联和短期动态。本研究通过建立理论模型，对协整、误差修正、对各个国家和群体进行格兰杰因果关系检验，然后通过对国家和群体进行动态面板比较结果。结果表明，R&D 和 FDI 是明确的协整关系，因此在面板数据格式中具有长期均衡关系，这与个别国家和群体的情况不同。此外，就短期而言，小组研究揭示了两个变量之间的双向因果关系。因此，建议政策和立法者应实施计划，例如通过公私合作增加研发研究资金、放宽专利制度等，以欢迎 FDI。D 和 FDI 是明确的协整关系，因此在面板数据格式中具有长期均衡关系，这与个别国家和群体的情况不同。此外，就短期而言，小组研究揭示了两个变量之间的双向因果关系。因此，建议政策和立法者应实施计划，例如通过公私合作增加研发研究资金、放宽专利制度等，以欢迎 FDI。D 和 FDI 是明确的协整关系，因此在面板数据格式中具有长期均衡关系，这与个别国家和群体的情况不同。此外，就短期而言，小组研究揭示了两个变量之间的双向因果关系。因此，建议政策和立法者应实施计划，例如通过公私合作增加研发研究资金、放宽专利制度等，以欢迎 FDI。