RNA helicases are enzymes that exist in all domains of life whose canonical functions include ATP-dependent remodeling of RNA structures and displacement of proteins from ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs). These enzymes play roles in virtually all processes of RNA metabolism, including pre-mRNA splicing, rRNA processing, nuclear mRNA export, translation and RNA decay. Here we review emerging noncanonical substrates of RNA helicases including RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) and RNA and DNA G-quadruplexes and discuss their biological significance.

中文翻译：

---

转录、翻译和 DNA 修复：来自新兴的非经典 RNA 解旋酶底物的新见解

RNA 解旋酶是存在于生命所有领域的酶，其典型功能包括 ATP 依赖的 RNA 结构重塑和蛋白质从核糖核蛋白复合物 (RNP) 中的置换。这些酶几乎在 RNA 代谢的所有过程中发挥作用，包括前 mRNA 剪接、rRNA 加工、核 mRNA 输出、翻译和 RNA 衰变。在这里，我们回顾了新兴的 RNA 解旋酶的非规范底物，包括 RNA-DNA 杂合体 (R-loops) 和 RNA 和 DNA G-四链体，并讨论了它们的生物学意义。