Climate warming has caused the seasonal timing of many components of ecological food chains to advance. In the context of trophic interactions, the match–mismatch hypothesis postulates that differential shifts can lead to phenological asynchrony with negative impacts for consumers. However, at present there has been no consistent analysis of the links between temperature change, phenological asynchrony and individual-to-population-level impacts across taxa, trophic levels and biomes at a global scale. Here, we propose five criteria that all need to be met to demonstrate that temperature-mediated trophic asynchrony poses a growing risk to consumers. We conduct a literature review of 109 papers studying 129 taxa, and find that all five criteria are assessed for only two taxa, with the majority of taxa only having one or two criteria assessed. Crucially, nearly every study was conducted in Europe or North America, and most studies were on terrestrial secondary consumers. We thus lack a robust evidence base from which to draw general conclusions about the risk that climate-mediated trophic asynchrony may pose to populations worldwide.

气候变暖导致生态食物链许多组成部分的季节性时间提前。在营养相互作用的背景下，匹配-不匹配假设假设差异变化会导致物候不同步，并对消费者产生负面影响。然而，目前还没有对全球范围内跨类群、营养级和生物群落的温度变化、物候异步和个体对种群水平影响之间的联系进行一致的分析。在这里，我们提出了五个需要满足的标准，以证明温度介导的营养不同步对消费者构成越来越大的风险。我们对研究 129 个分类群的 109 篇论文进行了文献回顾，发现所有五个标准都只针对两个分类群进行了评估，而大多数分类群只评估了一两个标准。至关重要的是，几乎每项研究都是在欧洲或北美进行的，而且大多数研究都是针对陆地二级消费者的。因此，我们缺乏强有力的证据基础，无法从中得出关于气候介导的营养不同步可能对全球人口构成的风险的一般性结论。