Abstract

In this paper electromagnetic field energy balance equation for linear homogeneous dispersive stationary medium is deduced in general form. No dispersive limitations on ε′, ε″, μ′, and μ″ are used. Thus the following question is answered: why do existing equations not provide correct values for accumulated energy and dissipated energy in dispersive media? An electromagnetic field energy balance equation for harmonic processes is obtained. This equation separates into active energy and reactive energy equations. Each of these equations contains four terms. For active energy equation the first two terms determine dissipation energy per unit volume. Each of these two terms can be expressed as a sum of three terms: the first one determines dissipation energy for unit volume without dispersion; the other two terms describe dissipation energy density due to dispersion. The third term is a Poynting vector real part change rate for frequency and coordinate, the last term—determines external source active energy density. The first two terms for reactive energy determine electromagnetic field accumulated energy density per unit volume. Each of these two terms of electromagnetic field accumulated energy density can be expressed as a sum of three terms: the first one determines accumulated energy for unit volume without dispersion; the other two terms are accumulated energy additions due to dispersion. The third term is a Poynting vector imaginary part change rate for frequency and coordinate. The last term—determines external source reactive energy density. Presented electromagnetic field energy characteristics definitions satisfy the second law of thermodynamics.

中文翻译：

---

分散介质的电磁场能量平衡

摘要

本文以一般形式推导了线性均质分散固定介质的电磁场能量平衡方程。在ε′，ε″，μ′和μ″上没有色散限制。因此回答了以下问题：为什么现有方程式不能为色散介质中的累积能量和耗散能量提供正确的值？获得了用于谐波过程的电磁场能量平衡方程。该方程式分为有功和无功方程式。这些方程式每个都包含四个项。对于有功能量方程，前两项确定每单位体积的耗散能量。这两个项中的每一项都可以表示为三个项的总和：第一个项确定不分散的单位体积的耗散能量；另外两个术语描述了由于色散引起的耗散能量密度。第三项是频率和坐标的Poynting向量实部变化率，最后一项是确定外部源有功能量密度。无功功率的前两个项确定每单位体积的电磁场累积能量密度。这两个电磁场累积能量密度项中的每一个都可以表示为三个项的总和：第一个项确定无分散的单位体积的累积能量；另外两项是由于分散而产生的累加能量。第三项是频率和坐标的坡印亭矢量虚部变化率。最后一项-确定外部源无功能量密度。