This paper provides a summary of our report for the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on proactive policing. We find that there is sufficient scientific evidence to support the adoption of many proactive policing practices if the primary goal is to reduce crime, though the evidence base generally does not provide long-term or jurisdictional estimates. In turn, we conclude that crime prevention outcomes can often be obtained without producing negative community reactions. However, the most effective proactive policing strategies do not appear to have strong positive impacts on citizen perceptions of the police. At the same time, some community-based strategies have begun to show evidence of improving the relations between the police and public. We conclude that there are likely to be large racial disparities in the volume and nature of police–citizen encounters when police target high-risk people or high-risk places, as is common in many proactive policing programs. We could not conclude whether such disparities are due to statistical prediction, racial animus, implicit bias, or other causes.

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主动警务：美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院报告摘要

本文总结了我们向美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院提交的关于主动警务的报告。我们发现，如果主要目标是减少犯罪，有足够的科学证据支持采取许多积极的警务措施，尽管证据基础通常不提供长期或管辖范围的估计。反过来，我们得出结论，通常可以在不产生负面社区反应的情况下获得预防犯罪的结果。然而，最有效的主动警务策略似乎并没有对公民对警察的看法产生强烈的积极影响。与此同时，一些以社区为基础的策略已经开始显示出改善警察与公众关系的证据。我们得出的结论是，当警察针对高风险人群或高风险场所时，警察与公民接触的数量和性质可能存在巨大的种族差异，这在许多积极的警务计划中很常见。我们无法断定这种差异是由于统计预测、种族敌意、隐性偏见还是其他原因造成的。