Abstract

Isobutane alkylation with olefins is an important process to produce a high-octane component of gasoline (alkylate) obtained using mineral acids as catalysts. Solid catalysts based on zeolites are a promising alternative to acids, but their rapid deactivation makes it difficult to implement the technology on an industrial scale. In this work, we investigated the CaLaHPtX catalyst based on molded NaX zeoliste. Physicochemical analysis of the catalyst (the residual concentration of Na₂O is less than 1 wt %, acidity 1452 μmol of NH₃/g, and IR-Fourier spectroscopy data with the presence of bridging OH-groups at aluminum atoms with absorption bands at 3657 and 3603 cm^–1) suggest good catalytic properties. Alkylation of isobutane with butylenes was carried out on a pilot plant according to a new principle - in a “structured” mode, which guarantees a high isobutane/butylenes ratio in the reaction zone. Under these conditions, the catalyst operates for at least 24 h with stable performance (butylenes conversion – 97.1 wt %, alkylate yield – 94.1 wt %, selectivity to trimethylpentanes – 76.4 wt %). It was shown that before the catalyst is regenerated, it is necessary to stop the reaction before its activity begins to decrease in order to exclude the accumulation of hard-to-desorb deposits on its surface. The combination of alkylation in the “structured” mode and the CaLaHPtX catalyst promote a long-term reaction without reducing the quality of the alkylate for at least 5 cycles of reaction - reductive regeneration - reaction.

中文翻译：

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沸石催化剂上异丁烷与丁烯烷基化的特征

摘要

用烯烃进行异丁烷烷基化是生产使用矿物酸作为催化剂获得的汽油（烷基化物）的高辛烷值组分的重要过程。基于沸石的固体催化剂是酸的有前途的替代品，但是它们的快速失活使其难以在工业规模上实施该技术。在这项工作中，我们研究了基于模制NaX沸石的CaLaHPtX催化剂。催化剂的理化分析（Na ₂ O的残留浓度小于1 wt％，酸度1452μmolNH ₃ / g和IR-傅里叶光谱数据，铝原子处有桥接的OH-基团，吸收带为3657和3603厘米^–1）表明良好的催化性能。异丁烷与丁烯的烷基化反应是根据新原理在中试设备上进行的-以“结构化”模式进行，这确保了反应区中异丁烷/丁烯的比率很高。在这些条件下，催化剂可稳定运行至少24小时（丁烯转化率– 97.1 wt％，烷基化物收率– 94.1 wt％，对三甲基戊烷的选择性– 76.4 wt％）。已经表明，在催化剂再生之前，有必要在其活性开始降低之前停止反应，以排除难以解吸的沉积物在其表面上的积累。