It is thought that the therapeutic efficacy of Morus alba L. is determined by its biological compounds. We investigated the chemical differences in the medicinal parts of M. alba by analyzing a total of 57 samples (15 root barks, 11 twigs, 12 fruits, and 19 leaves). Twelve marker compounds, including seven flavonoids, two stilbenoids, two phenolic acids, and a coumarin, were quantitatively analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector and chemometric analyses (principal component and heatmap analysis). The results demonstrated that the levels and compositions of the marker compounds varied in each medicinal part. The leaves contained higher levels of six compounds, the root barks contained higher levels of four compounds, and the twigs contained higher levels of two compounds. The results of chemometric analysis showed clustering of the samples according to the medicinal part, with the marker compounds strongly associated with each part: mulberroside A, taxifolin, kuwanon G, and morusin for the root barks; 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and oxyresveratrol for the twigs and skimmin; chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, astragalin, and quercitrin for the leaves. Our approach plays a fundamental role in the quality evaluation and further understanding of biological actions of herbal medicines derived from various medicinal plant parts.

中文翻译：

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用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器结合化学计量学分析桑树不同药用部位标记化合物的定量比较

据认为，桑树的治疗功效是由其生物化合物决定的。我们通过分析总共 57 个样品（15 个根皮、11 个树枝、12 个果实和 19 个叶子）来研究 M. alba 药用部位的化学差异。使用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器和化学计量分析（主要成分和热图分析）对 12 种标记化合物进行了定量分析，包括七种黄酮类化合物、两种芪类、两种酚酸和一种香豆素。结果表明，标记化合物的含量和组成在每个药用部位都有所不同。叶子含有较高水平的六种化合物，根皮含有较高水平的四种化合物，树枝含有较高水平的两种化合物。化学计量学分析结果显示样品按药用部位聚类，标记化合物与每个部位密切相关：桑树苷A、紫杉叶素、苦瓜G和根皮桑葚素；4-羟基肉桂酸和氧化白藜芦醇用于树枝和脱脂; 叶中含有绿原酸、芦丁、异槲皮苷、黄芪甲苷和槲皮苷。我们的方法在质量评估和进一步了解来自各种药用植物部分的草药的生物作用方面发挥着重要作用。叶的异槲皮苷、黄芪甲苷和槲皮苷。我们的方法在质量评估和进一步了解来自各种药用植物部分的草药的生物作用方面发挥着重要作用。叶的异槲皮苷、黄芪甲苷和槲皮苷。我们的方法在质量评估和进一步了解来自各种药用植物部分的草药的生物作用方面发挥着重要作用。