Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse association between polyphenol intake and the risk of chronic diseases. However, the lack of comprehensive data on population-level intakes, especially in Latin American countries, has limited research on this topic. We aimed to estimate total and individual polyphenol intakes and determine the major dietary contributors in a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey, a cross-sectional survey which included data on individual food intake of 34 003 subjects aged 10 years and over collected using two 24-h dietary records. Polyphenol content of foods was identified using the Phenol-Explorer database and Brazilian Food Composition Database. Total and individual polyphenol intake was calculated, as well as the intake distribution by socio-demographic factors. The median and 25–75th percentiles of polyphenol intake were 364·3 and 200·9–1008 mg/d, respectively. After energy adjustment, the median and 25–75th percentiles of polyphenol intake were 204 and 111·4–542·1 mg/1000 kcal/d (4184 kJ/d), respectively. Non-alcoholic beverages and fruits were the major polyphenol suppliers, and coffee and orange juice the main individual food contributors to polyphenol intake. The individual compounds most consumed were isomers of chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-caffeoylquinic acid), naringenin and hesperetin. The present study provides, for the first time, data on dietary intake of total and individual polyphenols by the Brazilian population and illustrates the low quality of their diet. These results will facilitate the study of associations between polyphenol class intake and health outcomes, and will also be useful for future dietary intake recommendations.

中文翻译：

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巴西人口的估计膳食多酚摄入量和主要食物来源

流行病学研究表明，多酚摄入量与慢性病风险之间存在负相关。然而，缺乏关于人口水平摄入量的全面数据，特别是在拉丁美洲国家，限制了对该主题的研究。我们的目的是估计总和个体多酚摄入量，并确定巴西人口代表性样本中的主要膳食贡献者。数据来自巴西家庭预算调查，这是一项横断面调查，其中包括使用两个 24 小时饮食记录收集的 34 003 名 10 岁及以上受试者的个人食物摄入数据。使用 Phenol-Explorer 数据库和巴西食品成分数据库确定食品中的多酚含量。计算总和个体多酚摄入量，以及社会人口因素的摄入量分布。多酚摄入量的中位数和第 25-75 个百分位数分别为 364·3 和 200·9-1008 mg/d。能量调整后，多酚摄入量的中位数和第 25-75 个百分位数分别为 204 和 111·4-542·1 mg/1000 kcal/d (4184 kJ/d)。非酒精饮料和水果是多酚的主要供应者，咖啡和橙汁是多酚摄入的主要个体食物来源。消耗最多的单个化合物是绿原酸的异构体（5-咖啡酰奎尼酸、4-咖啡酰奎尼酸、3-咖啡酰奎尼酸）、柚皮素和橙皮素。本研究首次提供了巴西人群膳食摄入总量和个体多酚的数据，并说明了他们的饮食质量低下。