Forestry faces frequent and severe natural calamities causing high amounts of salvage wood. Especially under mountainous conditions, regional available self-loading truck capacity is often the main limiting factor causing transport capacity bottlenecks. Therefore, innovative logistics strategies are needed to ensure quick transport of high amounts of salvage wood. Consequently, a multi-echelon unimodal transport concept, where timber is synchronously transshipped at a truck terminal with four transshipment lots from self-loading trucks to semitrailers, was modeled by means of a discrete event simulation. The simulation model calculates key performance indicators such as transshipped volumes and costs and support estimations of optimal truck fleet configuration. The results provide cost-optimal truck fleet configurations in terms of the number of self-loading trucks, semitrailers and prime mover trucks for varying transshipment volumes, delivery time to terminal and legal truck payload scenarios. Applying the truck terminal concept considerably decreases the number of self-loading trucks needed to transport the same volume when compared to unimodal wood transport, which is most common under mountainous conditions in Europe. In the majority of delivery time to terminal and terminal transshipment volume scenarios, the number of self-loading trucks was reduced by more than 50%. Increasing the legal gross vehicle weight for timber transport from 44 t up to 50 t reduces the number of self-loading trucks needed by 20% to 38%, depending on the scenario setting. Additionally, less self-loading trucks arriving at the terminal also cuts queuing times and system efficiency increases as transport cost/t is reduced by 6% to 11% depending on the scenario setting. Expanding the truck terminal concept by adding storage capacity as well as varying the number of transshipping lots and also including costs for terminal construction and operations in the economic analyses are promising topics for future studies.

中文翻译：

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在木材供应链中模拟自装载卡车和半拖车卡车的联合运输

林业面临着频繁而严峻的自然灾害，导致大量的砍伐木材。尤其是在山区条件下，区域可用的自动装载卡车的容量通常是造成运输能力瓶颈的主要限制因素。因此，需要创新的后勤战略来确保快速运输大量的打捞木材。因此，通过离散事件模拟对多级单峰运输概念进行了建模，在该模型中，在具有四个从自动装载卡车到半挂车的转运批次的卡车码头同步转运木材。仿真模型计算关键性能指标，例如转运量和成本，以及对最佳卡车车队配置的支持估算。该结果提供了成本最优的卡车车队配置，包括用于不同转运量的自装载卡车，半挂车和原动机卡车的数量，到码头的运输时间以及合法卡车的有效载荷情况。与单峰木材运输相比，采用卡车码头概念大大减少了运输相同体积所需的自动装载卡车的数量，而单峰木材运输在欧洲山区条件下最为常见。在大部分到码头和码头转运量情况下的交货时间中，自装卡车的数量减少了50％以上。将合法的木材运输车辆总重从44吨增加到50吨，可将所需的自动装载卡车数量减少20％至38％，具体取决于情景设置。另外，更少的自卸卡车到达码头也减少了排队时间，系统效率提高了，运输成本从每吨降低了6％到11％（视情况而定）。通过增加存储容量以及改变转运批次的数量来扩展卡车码头概念，并在经济分析中包括码头建设和运营的成本，这些都是未来研究的有希望的主题。