At present plants continuously exposed to salinity stress due to the challenging environment that has reduced the crop growth and productivity worldwide. Application of phytohormones by using seed priming method emerges as one of the most reliable and cost effective to alleviate the toxic effect of salinity stress. In this study, we evaluate the effect of seed-primed salicylic acid (SA) to reduce the adverse effect of different salt concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl) in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings. After seedling emergence, percent seed germination was calculated; however, after 60 days; plants were sampled for studying the growth and photosynthetic traits, lipid peroxidation level, antioxidant activities, ions accumulation, and its sequestration. The results depicted that salinity treatments hampered overall growth performance and induced oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Salinity also has negatively influence on ion accumulation as Na+ ion increased while K+ ion decreased. On the other hand, seed priming with SA significantly reduced the salinity-induced effects on the overall performance of plants, including growth and photosynthetic attributes. SA alleviated the adverse effect of salinity even at higher salinity level by inducing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, soluble sugars, and proline accumulation, and regulating ion homeostasis along with up-regulation of Na+/H+ antiporters (SOS1 and NHX1). Thus, seed priming with SA shows a comprehensive role in mitigation of salinity stress and can be used as a model for promising salinity tolerant cultivation.

中文翻译：

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水杨酸在盐胁迫下调节豌豆中的抗氧化系统、防御代谢物和盐转运蛋白基因的表达

目前，由于具有挑战性的环境降低了全球作物的生长和生产力，植物持续暴露在盐分胁迫下。通过使用种子引发方法应用植物激素成为减轻盐胁迫毒性作用的最可靠和最具成本效益的方法之一。在本研究中，我们评估了种子引发的水杨酸 (SA) 对减少不同盐浓度（0、100、200 和 300 mM NaCl）对豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）幼苗的不利影响的效果。出苗后，计算种子发芽率；但是，在 60 天后；对植物进行采样以研究生长和光合特性、脂质过氧化水平、抗氧化活性、离子积累及其螯合。结果表明，盐度处理以剂量依赖性方式阻碍整体生长性能并诱导氧化应激。盐度也对离子积累有负面影响，因为 Na+ 离子增加而 K+ 离子减少。另一方面，用 SA 引发种子显着降低了盐度对植物整体性能的影响，包括生长和光合属性。SA 通过诱导酶促和非酶促抗氧化系统、可溶性糖和脯氨酸积累、调节离子稳态以及上调 Na+/H+ 逆向转运蛋白（SOS1 和 NHX1），即使在较高盐度水平下也减轻了盐度的不利影响。因此，用 SA 引发的种子在减轻盐胁迫方面表现出综合作用，可用作有前景的耐盐栽培模型。