Aim and objective

Emerging translational evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation, miRNA expression, and histone modifications) occur after external stimuli and may contribute to exacerbated inflammation and the risk of suffering several diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the harmful effects of high-fat/high-sugar diets, micronutrient deficiencies (folate, manganese, and carotenoids), obesity and associated complications, bacterial/viral infections, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, chronic stress, air pollution, and chemical exposure on inflammation through epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, the epigenetic phenomena underlying the anti-inflammatory potential of caloric restriction, n-3 PUFA, Mediterranean diet, vitamin D, zinc, polyphenols (i.e., resveratrol, gallic acid, epicatechin, luteolin, curcumin), and the role of systematic exercise are discussed.

Methods

Original and review articles encompassing epigenetics and inflammation were screened from major databases (including PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, etc.) and analyzed for the writing of the review paper.

Conclusion

Although caution should be exercised, research on epigenetic mechanisms is contributing to understand pathological processes involving inflammatory responses, the prediction of disease risk based on the epigenotype, as well as the putative design of therapeutic interventions targeting the epigenome.

中文翻译：

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炎症背后的表观遗传特征：营养、体力活动、代谢疾病和环境因素的相互作用，实现个性化营养

 目的和目标

新出现的转化证据表明，表观遗传改变（DNA 甲基化、miRNA 表达和组蛋白修饰）在外部刺激后发生，可能导致炎症加剧以及罹患多种疾病的风险，包括糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症和神经系统疾病。这篇综述总结了目前关于高脂肪/高糖饮食、微量营养素缺乏（叶酸、锰和类胡萝卜素）、肥胖和相关并发症、细菌/病毒感染、吸烟、过量饮酒、睡眠不足、慢性压力、空气污染和化学暴露通过表观遗传机制影响炎症。此外，热量限制、 n -3 PUFA、地中海饮食、维生素 D、锌、多酚（即白藜芦醇、没食子酸、表儿茶素、木犀草素、姜黄素）的抗炎潜力的表观遗传现象以及系统运动的作用进行了讨论。

 方法

从主要数据库（包括 PubMed、Medline、Science Direct、Scopus 等）中筛选出涉及表观遗传学和炎症的原创文章和综述文章，并进行分析，用于撰写综述论文。

 结论

尽管应谨慎行事，但表观遗传机制的研究有助于了解涉及炎症反应的病理过程、基于表观基因型的疾病风险预测以及针对表观基因组的治疗干预措施的推定设计。