A facile approach to prepare monodisperse polystyrene (PS) particles containing quaternary ammonium salts with long alkyl chain was reported. The PS particles containing quaternary ammonium salts are prepared by two-stage dispersion polymerization in ethanol/water (80/20 w/w) mixture with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a steric stabilizer and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO-9) as a co-stabilizer. Polymerizations are conducted using N′-dimethyl-N-n-dodecyl-N-2-methacryloyloxyethylammonium bromide (QDMDB) as a comonomer added in the second stage. We identify reaction conditions where one can obtain the functional polystyrene microspheres with a size distribution less than 3%. The influence of the initiator concentration, the styrene monomer concentration, the stabilizer concentration, and QDMDB comonomer concentration on the average particle size and the efficient of variation are investigated comprehensively. The novel particles are examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), zeta potential, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). QDMDB comonomer not only functionalized the polystyrene particles but also proved to be effective in controlling the particle size and size distribution. According to these results, we show that two-stage dispersion polymerization is an effective pathway for the structure design of the functional microspheres. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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通过两阶段分散聚合制备含季铵盐基团的单分散聚苯乙烯微球：反应参数对粒度和粒度分布的影响

报道了一种制备含有长烷基链季铵盐的单分散聚苯乙烯 (PS) 颗粒的简便方法。以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为空间稳定剂，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AEO-9）为辅料，在乙醇/水（80/20 w/w）混合物中，通过两阶段分散聚合制备含季铵盐的PS颗粒。 -稳定器。使用 N'-二甲基-Nn-十二烷基-N-2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基溴化铵 (QDMDB) 作为在第二阶段添加的共聚单体进行聚合。我们确定了可以获得尺寸分布小于 3% 的功能性聚苯乙烯微球的反应条件。引发剂浓度、苯乙烯单体浓度、稳定剂浓度的影响，和QDMDB共聚单体浓度对平均粒径和变异效率的综合研究。使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC)、zeta 电位和核磁共振 (1H NMR) 检查新颗粒。QDMDB 共聚单体不仅使聚苯乙烯颗粒功能化，而且被证明在控制颗粒尺寸和尺寸分布方面是有效的。根据这些结果，我们表明两阶段分散聚合是功能微球结构设计的有效途径。图形摘要图形摘要 和核磁共振（1H NMR）。QDMDB 共聚单体不仅使聚苯乙烯颗粒功能化，而且被证明在控制颗粒尺寸和尺寸分布方面是有效的。根据这些结果，我们表明两阶段分散聚合是功能微球结构设计的有效途径。图形摘要图形摘要 和核磁共振（1H NMR）。QDMDB 共聚单体不仅使聚苯乙烯颗粒功能化，而且被证明在控制颗粒尺寸和尺寸分布方面是有效的。根据这些结果，我们表明两阶段分散聚合是功能微球结构设计的有效途径。图形摘要图形摘要