The changes that occur in various forms of land classes are known as land-use and land-cover changes (LULC). Such changes have a substantial impact on the contours of an urban basin and consequently have an effect on the surface runoff of the rainfall that occurs in the area. The runoff features obviously deteriorate because of the decrease in initial abstraction, and an increase in imperviousness causes enhanced runoff. The particular challenges in the urban basin are specificity calculation and quantification of surface runoff. Geospatial techniques are adopted along with the Soil Conservation Service-curve number (SCS-CN) technique to reliably predict and accurately measure runoff. The GIS is used to prepare the transformed layers of land classes from remotely sensed data. In this explorative study, LULC change and its impact on the urban Koraiyar basin, Tiruchirappalli city, South India, is studied by using SCS-CN with the aid of GIS techniques. As the basin that passes is located in a developing city, rapid changes in LULC are observed in and around the periphery of the basin. The LULC changes and their impact on surface runoff are analyzed using GIS with multi-dated Landsat satellite images for the years 1986–2016 at intervals of every 10 years. The supervised classification algorithm is used to develop LULC maps. From the study, it is observed that there is a continuous increase in settlement area of 1.04% from 1986 to 2016, especially in the northern part of the basin. A Markov model analysis is done from the historically developed LULC maps to predict the anticipated future LULC changes for the years 2026 and 2036 along with an estimation of the surface runoff. The predicted maps show that there is likely to be an increase in settlement area of 1.04% and decrease in 12.29% of agricultural land. The various thematic layers like slope, soil and curve number (CN) maps are also prepared using GIS. The composite CNs are generated for various land classes in the basin from 1986 to 2036. The increase in CN from 72 to 74.76 and their influence on runoff are studied. Finally, the study attempts to reliably estimate the present and future LULC status and its effect on surface runoff in the Koraiyar river basin.

中文翻译：

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通过综合地理空间实证方法评估土地利用变化影响引起的降雨-径流：印度蒂鲁吉拉伯利市 Koraiyar 盆地的研究

各种形式的土地类别发生的变化称为土地利用和土地覆盖变化 (LULC)。此类变化对城市流域的等高线产生重大影响，从而对发生在该地区的降雨的地表径流产生影响。由于初始取水量的减少，径流特征明显恶化，不透水的增加导致径流增强。城市流域面临的特殊挑战是地表径流的特异性计算和量化。地理空间技术与土壤保护服务曲线数 (SCS-CN) 技术一起被采用，以可靠地预测和准确测量径流。GIS 用于根据遥感数据准备土地类别的转换图层。在这项探索性研究中，LULC 变化及其对印度南部蒂鲁吉拉伯利市 Koraiyar 盆地的影响，通过使用 SCS-CN 和 GIS 技术进行了研究。由于流域位于一个发展中的城市，在流域周边和周围观察到 LULC 的快速变化。LULC 变化及其对地表径流的影响使用 GIS 和 1986-2016 年的多日期 Landsat 卫星图像进行分析，每 10 年一次。监督分类算法用于开发 LULC 地图。从研究中可以看出，1986-2016年间，聚落面积连续增加1.04%，尤其是流域北部。马尔可夫模型分析是根据历史发展的 LULC 地图进行的，以预测 2026 年和 2036 年预期的未来 LULC 变化以及地表径流估计。预测图显示，定居面积可能增加1.04%，农业用地可能减少12.29%。还使用 GIS 准备了各种专题图层，如坡度、土壤和曲线编号 (CN) 地图。从 1986 年到 2036 年，流域内不同土地类别的复合 CN 生成。研究了 CN 从 72 增加到 74.76 及其对径流的影响。最后，该研究试图可靠地估计当前和未来的 LULC 状态及其对 Koraiyar 河流域地表径流的影响。预测图显示，定居面积可能增加1.04%，农业用地可能减少12.29%。还使用 GIS 准备了各种专题图层，如坡度、土壤和曲线编号 (CN) 地图。从 1986 年到 2036 年，流域内不同土地类别的复合 CN 生成。研究了 CN 从 72 增加到 74.76 及其对径流的影响。最后，该研究试图可靠地估计当前和未来的 LULC 状态及其对 Koraiyar 河流域地表径流的影响。预测图显示，定居面积可能增加1.04%，农业用地可能减少12.29%。还使用 GIS 准备了各种专题图层，如坡度、土壤和曲线编号 (CN) 地图。从 1986 年到 2036 年，流域内不同土地类别的复合 CN 生成。研究了 CN 从 72 增加到 74.76 及其对径流的影响。最后，该研究试图可靠地估计当前和未来的 LULC 状态及其对 Koraiyar 河流域地表径流的影响。76 及其对径流的影响进行了研究。最后，该研究试图可靠地估计当前和未来的 LULC 状态及其对 Koraiyar 河流域地表径流的影响。76 及其对径流的影响进行了研究。最后，该研究试图可靠地估计当前和未来的 LULC 状态及其对 Koraiyar 河流域地表径流的影响。