Using the McIntosh Archive of solar features, we analyze the evolution of coronal holes over more than three solar cycles. We demonstrate that coronal-hole positions and lifetimes change significantly on time scales from months to years, and that the pattern of these changes is clearly linked to the solar-activity cycle. We demonstrate that the lifetimes of low-latitude coronal holes are usually less than one rotation but may extend to almost three years. When plotted over time, the positions of low-latitude coronal holes that remain visible for over one rotation track the sunspot butterfly diagram in terms of their positions on the Sun over a solar cycle. Finally, we confirm that coronal holes do not in general rigidly rotate.

中文翻译：

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使用麦金托什档案在三个太阳周期内日冕洞的演变

使用麦金托什太阳特征档案，我们分析了超过三个太阳周期的日冕洞的演变。我们证明日冕洞的位置和寿命在从几个月到几年的时间尺度上发生显着变化，并且这些变化的模式显然与太阳活动周期有关。我们证明低纬度日冕洞的寿命通常不到一圈，但可能会延长到近三年。随着时间的推移，低纬度日冕洞的位置在旋转超过一圈后仍然可见，根据它们在一个太阳周期内在太阳上的位置来跟踪太阳黑子蝴蝶图。最后，我们确认冠状孔通常不会刚性旋转。